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A rotary potentiometer is a type of position-sensing device, which works by providing an electrical voltage or resistance that varies with the rotary position of a shaft or handle. It is also known as a slider, multi-turn potentiometer, or a variable resistor. They can be used to modify an output signal, reduce the level of high-frequency noise, or create a level shift between a signal and ground. The most common type of rotary potentiometer is the three-terminal type, which has a central lead, a variable resistor, and a second lead that carries a signal.

The working principle of a rotary potentiometer is based on resistive, or variable, elements. It uses an adjustable set of resistors that are connected between two circuit terminals. The third terminal, often referred to as the peak or centre, provides a connection to the wiper arm of the potentiometer. The wiper arm moves along the resistive elements and sets the resistance value. As the wiper arm is moved, the centre terminal\'s resistance value changes. This in turn controls the level of voltage or current in the circuit.

Rheostats are similar in function to rotary potentiometers but use only two terminals. Unlike rotary potentiometers, rheostats feature a continuous range of adjustment on a dial or knob. They are mainly used to adjust current in circuits or regulate the voltage. A rheostat is essentially an adjustable variable resistor. It has two electrical contacts which are connected to a resistive element. As the dial or knob is moved, the resistance of the element is changed, resulting in a change in the current flow.

Rheostats and rotary potentiometers are both commonly found in a variety of applications and play a vital role in providing a continuous variable signal or resistance. Their range of applications is vast and includes controlling lighting, setting volume levels, regulating heat levels, and adjusting speed levels. They are also widely used in industrial controls, on mechanical machinery, and in medical instruments.

Rotary potentiometers and rheostats are both an important part of the world of electrical engineering. Due to their versatility and performance, they are used in a range of applications and are essential for ensuring accurate control of signals and resistance levels. By combining their two working principles, precise control can be achieved for a wide variety of needs.

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