TL1431CD

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TL1431CD is a member of the voltage reference family of linear voltage regulators and is a 5-pin integrated circuit in an SOT23 surface mount package that requires only one capacitor to form a complete adjustable output voltage regulator. It features a pin selectable output voltage, low quiescent current, better than 1.5% initial accuracy and fast warm-up from start-up.

The TL1431CD is a general purpose, adjustable voltage regulator for use in a variety of applications ranging from instrumentation to switching power supplies. It has an operating voltage range of 4.0V to 22V, making it suitable for use in both conventional linear and wide input voltage range switching supplies. The output voltage is selectable between the six taps of the external divider, and can be adjusted from 1.25V to 16V depending on the value of the external divider used. The device also provides a low quiescent current of 1mA and a fast start-up response time of 3.3ms.

The TL1431CD operates as a linear regulator and relies on two main principles to work. The first is feedback regulation, which is the control loop that keeps the output voltage in regulation. The control loop compares the reference voltage to the feedback voltage and adjusts the power supply output to keep them equal. If the output voltage rises, the error amplifier decreases the output voltage by reducing the base drive of the pass transistor until the desired voltage is restored. Similarly, when the output voltage falls, the error amplifier increases the output voltage to maintain the desired voltage. The second principle is that of current limiting, which limits the maximum current flowing through the pass transistor and into the load. This protects both the transistor and the load from excessive current that could cause damage.

The TL1431CD’s feedback regulation has an internal gain of 65 that maintains a steady output voltage, even with line and load changes. To keep the voltage in regulation under all conditions, the reference voltage must remain relatively constant. The TL1431CD is designed to maintain a reference voltage of 0.6V. Its reference voltage is based on a resistor divider, consisting of two external resistors, connected to the reference pin.

The TL1431CD is ideal for a variety of applications, including switch mode power supplies, instrumentation, test and measurement equipment, and other wide input voltage applications where low cost and minimal component count are desired. It provides an accurate output voltage and stable regulation even with line and load changes. Its fast start-up response time, low quiescent current, and the ability to adjust the output voltage from 1.25V to 16V makes the TL1431CD an excellent choice for a variety of voltage regulation needs.

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