TLP291(BL-TP,SE

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Optoisolators are an important component of many electronic systems, serving to protect electronic systems from noise or interference generated by other components. The most common form of optoisolator is of the transistor, photovoltaic output (TPO) type, with the 4N26, 4N29, and TLP291 being the most common varieties. These optoisolators function by allowing an electrical signal to pass between the input and output circuits, but isolating the two from each other. This allows the input signal to remain protected from interference coming from other components, while the output is also prevented from outputting unwanted signals. To achieve this, the optoisolator uses a light emitting diode (LED) and a phototransistor in a special arrangement, allowing an electrical signal to be converted from one form to another without actually entering the device itself.

The TLP291 is a 4 pin optoisolator designed by Toshiba and is popular for its excellent performance and low cost. It features an input voltage range of 5V to 30V, a maximum output current of 20mA, and a maximum isolation voltage of 3000Vrms. It also features a built-in reverse current protection circuit, allowing the TLP291 to be used in applications such as switch mode power supplies, AC adapter/ charger systems, and other high- voltage circuits without danger of damage. In terms of speed, the TLP291 offers a propagation delay of about 4us from the LED input to the transistor output.

The working principle of the TLP291 is grounded in the arrangement of its components. It consists of an LED, a phototransistor, and a reverse- voltage protection circuit in a 4 pin design. The LED is placed between pins 1 and 2, while the phototransistor is connected between pins 3 and 4. On the inside, the LED is connected across a resistor, forming an AC bridge circuit that is then coupled to the base of the phototransistor. When a high voltage is applied to pins 1 and 2, it causes the LED to emit light which is then detected by the phototransistor. This causes the phototransistor to turn on, activating the output and providing the required isolation between the input and output circuits.

The TLP291 is a versatile optoisolator offering a wide variety of applications, including 5V to 30V switch mode power supplies, AC adapter/ charger systems, isolation for CAN/LIN bus, as well as other high- voltage circuits. It also features excellent temperature stability, signal level control, and good noise rejection, making it ideal for applications that require high noise immunity. Its internal reverse voltage protection also makes it an ideal choice for use in high voltage systems, as it is designed to prevent damage due to reversed supply voltage. With reliable performance and low cost, the TLP291 is an excellent choice for a wide range of optoisolator applications.

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