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Transient Voltage Suppressors (TVS) are the modern-day counterparts of the Varistor/MOV (Metal-Oxides Varistor) devices. For many years now, these two kinds of electrical devices have been used to protect electric circuits and components from potentially damaging electric surges.

When it comes to TVS and Varistors/MOVs, the application field and working principle of them are quite similar. Firstly, they are both used to absorb any kind of transient over-voltage and divert extra current safely away from important circuit components. The biggest difference between them is in their design and construction. Varistors/MOVs are composed of zinc-oxide material discs. These discs are stacked in a resistor-like configuration with varying amounts of resistance to varying voltages. The amount of resistance a varistor/MOV provides is determined by the amount of disc material used and the number of discs stacked. On the other hand, a TVS is composed of a zener diode, which has two terminals - Anode and Cathode. The amount of voltage that it can support depends on the breakdown voltage of the diode.

When an over-voltage surge is detected at the Anode of a TVS, the voltage causes the zener diode to break down, and the current is diverted away from the circuit components. This is known as "switching" and is the basic working principle of a TVS device. Meanwhile, a Varistor/MOV works by diverting current away from the circuit components as soon as the voltage level exceeds its threshold voltage level. This is also known as "dynamic protection" because the Varistor/MOV continuously monitors the voltage level and switches itself on and off accordingly.

In conclusion, TVS devices and Varistor/MOVs have their differences. Varistor/MOVs have been used in electrical protection for many years and are proven to be reliable and effective. They are great for applications where a larger amount of voltage needs dissipating, and can be used in a variety of areas including personal electronics, industrial control and power systems. TVS devices are more recently developed and have become increasingly popular in many applications due to their smaller size and lower cost. They are ideal for single-input applications where the voltage needs to be suppressed for a short amount of time. Both devices are invaluable components of electric circuits and components, and it is important to find the right device for the application.

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