VS3V3BA1EST15R Circuit Protection

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TVS - Diodes

In the field of surge protection, Transient Voltage Suppression (TVS) diodes are important components for protecting against electrical overstress (EOS) resulting from events such as electrostatic discharge (ESD), lightning, and electrical noise. TVS diodes are designed to trigger at a certain threshold when voltage exceeds this point, providing a highly effective form of EOS protection.

TVS Diode: Application Field and Working Principle

TVS diodes are commonly used in a number of areas to protect sensitive electronic components from electrical overstress. This includes connections made through external connectors such as USB, automotive, solar power, and other types of power connectors. TVS diodes are also commonly used in systems that require power distribution, such as power supplies, computers, and other electronics. The basic principle of TVS diodes is to ‘clamp’ a voltage if it exceeds a predetermined threshold. This limits the amount of current that can flow through the protected components, thus preventing damage.

TVS diodes are divided into two main types: unidirectional and bidirectional. Unidirectional TVS diodes protect against power surges in one direction and are typically used where the source of the surge is known and predictable (for example lightning and electrical noise). Bidirectional TVS diodes are used in situations where the source of the surge is unpredictable or unknown (for example ESD).

Under normal operation, TVS diodes are non-conductive and do not significantly affect the electrical current. When a surge is detected, however, the diode will conduct, diverting the surge to ground while preventing any further current to the protected components. The TVS diode’s design is such that it will automatically reset after a surge, allowing it to be used multiple times without having to be replaced.

TVS diodes differ from other forms of EOS protection, such as fuse and MOVS (Metal Oxide Varistors), in a few ways. Firstly, TVS diodes are much faster to react to high voltage, making them ideal for applications where protective equipment must be deployed quickly. Secondly, TVS diodes are more reliable than other forms of EOS protection due to their ability to automatically reset after a surge. Finally, TVS diodes have much better thermal performance than other protection devices and can withstand higher surge currents.

In summary, TVS diodes are a highly effective form of electrical overstress protection for sensitive electronic components. TVS diodes are divided into two main types, unidirectional and bidirectional, and are designed to limit current to the protected components when a surge is detected. TVS diodes are typically faster and more reliable than other EOS protection devices and are capable of automatically resetting after a surge.

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