WUE

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Water reuse, also referred to as water recycling, is the process of utilizing treated wastewater for the purpose of providing non-potable or potable uses. Until recently, water reuse was primarily implemented as a practice for recovering wastewater from industrial uses and treating it for reuse. However, the need to conserve water and to preserve available water resources has resulted in increased attention to using reclaimed wastewater for beneficial, non-potable uses.

The application field of water reuse can be divided into three major categories: indirect reuse, direct reuse, and total reuse. Indirect reuse involves treating wastewater to environmental standards and discharging it into rivers, lakes, reservoirs, or aquifers where it can mix with other sources of water before being used for drinking. Direct reuse involves the treatment of wastewater to drinking water standards and distributed directly to potable users. Total reuse is a process of complete reclamation of wastewater, where the wastewater is treated to drinking water standards and then directly reintroduced into the supply.

The working principle of wastewater reuse heavily depends on the type of use. For potable reuse applications, it is critical to ensure that the highest quality of water is achieved to protect public health. For this reason, reuse in drinking water applications require comprehensive treatment train of advanced treatment technologies with stringent secondary and tertiary treatment processes. For non-potable reuse, the objectives are typically to produce a water quality that meets or exceeds the requirements of the specific use, such as irrigation, groundwater recharge, aquifer storage and recovery, landscaping, cooling tower systems, and recreational uses. Non-potable reuse can be treated to standards less stringent than those for drinking water provided the discharge is not in proximity to a drinking water source.

Regardless of the type of reuse, the treatment process consists of a series of steps designed to achieve the desired level of water quality. The wastewater treatment techniques employed for reuse may include pretreatment, primary treatment, biological treatment, and advanced tertiary treatment systems. Standard approaches for tertiary treatment include filtration, membrane technologies, disinfection, and nutrient removal. This combination of treatment techniques provides the ability to meet or exceed recommended discharge standards and other relevant requirements.

Through the application of various techniques and technologies, Water Reuse has become a viable option for improving water resource management and balancing the competing demands of water resources. It is an important component in the sustainable use of water resources as well as an effective strategy for providing an alternative water resource in arid or semi-arid areas.

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