What are the mainstream microcontrollers on the market?

Last Update Time: 2020-05-28 09:53:20

     51 single chip microcomputer 

      The most widely used 8-bit single-chip microcomputer is of course the most easy-to-learn microcontroller for beginners. It was first introduced by Intel. Due to its typical structure and centralized management of bus-specific registers, numerous logic bit operation functions and rich control-oriented functions. The instruction system, called the "classic" of a generation, laid the foundation for the development of other microcontrollers in the future. 

      The reason why 51 single-chip microcomputer has become a classic, has become the easy to use microcontroller has the following characteristics: 

 

      1. At the same time, in the on-chip RAM area, a dual-function address range is specially opened, which is extremely flexible to use, and this function undoubtedly provides great convenience to the user. 

 

      2. Multiplication and division instructions, which also bring convenience to programming. Many 8-bit MCUs do not have a multiply function. When multiplying, they have to be programmed with a subroutine call, which is very inconvenient. 


      3. From internal hardware to software, there is a complete set of bit-wise operating systems, called bit processors, that handle objects that are not words or bytes but bits. Not only can some bits of some special function registers in the chip be processed, such as transfer, set, clear, test, etc., but also bit logic operations, its function is very complete, easy to use. 

 

     Disadvantages (although classic but the disadvantages are obvious): 


  1.       AD, EEPROM and other functions need to be extended, adding hardware and software burden. 

 

  1.       51 The protection ability is very poor, it is easy to burn the chip. 

 

  1.        The running speed is too slow, especially the double data pointer. If it can be improved, it can bring great convenience to programming. 

 

       Application range: 

 

        It is currently used in a large number of occasions in teaching situations and where performance requirements are not high; 

 

     The most used devices: 8051, 80C51; 

 

       Learn about the full range of 8051 microcontrollers: a comprehensive analysis of the proven 8051 architecture microcontrollers. 

 

MSP430 microcontroller 


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      The MSP430 series of single-chip microcomputers is a 16-bit ultra-low-power mixed-signal processor that Texas Instruments introduced to the market in 1996. The biggest bright spot left by people is low power consumption and fast speed. The assembly language is very flexible. There are many addressing methods, few instructions, and easy to use. Mainly due to its practical application requirements, many analog circuits, digital circuits and microprocessors are integrated on one chip to provide a "single-chip" solution. Its rapid development and expanding application range mainly depend on the following characteristics. 

 

      Characteristic 1: In terms of operation speed, it can realize 125ns instruction cycle under the driving of 8MHz crystal. A 16-bit data width, 125ns instruction cycle, and a versatile hardware multiplier (which enables multiply-accumulate) can implement some algorithms for digital signal processing (such as FFT). 

 

      Feature 2: In terms of ultra-low power consumption, the MSP430 microcontroller has ultra-low power consumption because it has its own unique features in reducing the power supply voltage of the chip and the flexible and controllable operating clock. The power supply voltage is 1.8~3.6V. Therefore, when the clock is running at 1MHz, the current of the chip will be around 200~400uA, and the minimum power consumption of the clock off mode is only 0.1uA. 


      Feature 3: Powerful processing, a reduced instruction set (RISC) architecture, rich addressing modes (7 source operand addressing, 4 destination operand addressing), 27 simple kernel instructions, and a large number of Analog instructions; a large number of registers and on-chip data memory can participate in a variety of operations; there are efficient table lookup processing instructions; a higher processing speed, the instruction cycle is 125 ns under 8MHz crystal drive. These features ensure that highly efficient source programs can be programmed. 

 

     Disadvantages: 

 

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