What are the three types of DC/DC converters?

Last Update Time: 2023-03-21 18:36:07

DC-DC converters are devices that convert a direct current (DC) from one voltage level to another. DC-DC converters are used in a wide variety of electronic devices, from battery powered toys to commercial spacecraft. Many different types of DC-DC converters exist, and they can be classified into three general categories: commutated converters, linear converters, and switched-mode converters.

Commutated Converters

Commutated converters are the oldest type of DC-DC converter. They work by passing electric current between two points in a reciprocating manner. This current switching passes electric energy from the input to the output, and the voltage level is changed through alternating current (AC) transformer action. The advantage of this type of converter is its simplicity. However, commutated converters are inefficient and typically have a very limited output frequency range.

Linear Converters

Linear converters work on a similar principle as commutated converters. The main difference is that a linear converter uses a linear potentiometer to control the output voltage instead of switching electric current between two points. This allows linear converters to be more efficient than commutated converters, and they can also provide more precise voltage regulation. However, they are limited by their ability to only convert input voltages that are higher than their output voltages.

Switched-Mode Converters

Switched mode converters are the most common type of DC-DC converter, and they are the most efficient. They use switches to control the flow of current, and they can convert from any voltage level to any other. As a result, switched-mode converters can be used to provide galvanic isolation, invert polarities, or produce multiple outputs from a single input. The main disadvantage of switched-mode converters is that they generate electromagnetic interference (EMI), which can interfere with nearby electronics.

DC-DC converters are widely used in many applications, and there are many different types. The three main categories are commutated converters, linear converters, and switched-mode converters. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the best choice depends on the application.