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Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has become an important and evolving application field. It is used to restore movement and sensation in those who have been affected by either a nervous system injury, or a neurodegenerative disorder. FES works by providing electrical stimulation to the muscles of a limb, to enable movement to take place. By carefully stimulating the muscles, it can restore muscle function and activity.

The main application of FES is to restore movement to those with paralysis or reduced sensation. This can be achieved through a variety of methods, such as stimulating the peripheral nerves of the affected area, which can then be used to activate the muscles. Another method is by using implants that can provide electrical signals to the affected area, which can then be used to activate the muscles, providing long-term control of movement. Medication and physical therapy are also important factors in the FES process, as they can aid in providing the necessary strength and coordination for movement.

FES can also be used in therapeutic applications, such as to help strengthen weakened muscles or reduce muscle spasms. It can also be used to reduce pain or improve the range of motion in the affected area. In addition, it is sometimes used to assist with rehabilitation, providing stimulation to the area in order to improve its strength and control.

The working principle of FES involves two steps: excitation and inhibition. During the excitation phase, electrical impulses are sent through the muscles that control the movement to stimulate muscle function. The excitation phase can be used to cause movement or to provide strength and coordination. During the inhibition phase, the muscles are relaxed, and the muscles that control movement are inhibited.

FES is an effective method to restore motion and sensation in individuals with paralysis or restricted sensation. It can be used to reduce pain, as well as improve muscle strength and coordination. It is important to be aware that FES must be used with the guidance of a qualified professional in order to ensure its safe and effective use.