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Introduction

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are a type of embedded system that can be used to customize hardware for specific tasks or applications. They offer a wide range of flexibility and scalability in their usage. The combination of hardware and software can be utilized to create complex high-performance systems that meet specific hardware-software requirements.

Definition

A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit (IC) which is programmed by a logic designer or engineer to implement a particular digital logic or a complex logic design. This can be done through hardware/software programming or with dedicated software tools such as Schematic Input Language (SIL), Verilog, or VHDL. FPGAs can have configurable number of flip-flops, Look-up Tables (LUTs), and associated combinatorial logic blocks.

Applications

FPGAs are used in a wide range of applications including embedded systems, industrial control systems, network processing, image and video processing, medical systems and military technology. They are often used as the primary processing element in embedded systems, providing the flexibility to create custom hardware modules such as microcontrollers, ASICs, and digital signal processors. FPGAs can also be used to create highly complex digital logic designs such as networks, graphical designs, and even composed user-defined mathematics.

Advantages

The flexibility of FPGAs, their ability to be re-programmed, makes them a popular choice of embedded system. FPGAs are also more flexible and customizable than Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASICs), providing greater levels of speed, power, and customization. FPGAs also provide a wide range of scalability options for implementation and can be used for one-off, small series or high-volume production. Their flexibility makes them suitable for use in a wide range of complex applications and high-performance systems.

Disadvantages

FPGAs are complex hardware and software systems, which require significant experience, knowledge, and resources to program. Additionally, FPGAs require significant validation and testing during the design phase to ensure that the system functions as expected and contains the desired performance and features. Additionally, due to the complexity of FPGAs, they tend to be more expensive than ASIC designs.

Conclusion

FPGAs have seen tremendous growth and diversification in recent years as they become more and more popular as an embedded system due to their flexibility and scalability. FPGAs are well suited for creating high-performance systems and are suitable for use in a wide range of applications. However, the complexity associated with programming FPGAs and the financial cost associated with higher volumes of production makes them a potentially less attractive choice in certain situations.

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