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Electrical engineering is a discipline that deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. The application field of electrical engineering covers a wide range of topics from energy systems and power systems through to signal processing and communications. The fundamental working principles of electricity and electronics can be traced back to the 19th century when many electrical engineers developed complex systems that used electrical components.

At the heart of electrical engineering lies the study and application of electricity and electrical power. Electrical engineers are responsible for designing and building electrical circuits, including power supplies, transformers, and electrical motors. As well as designing and building these circuits, they must also troubleshoot them when they go wrong and develop varied electrical control systems to operate them.

The application field of electronic engineering deals primarily with the design and application of electronic components, such as integrated circuits and semiconductor devices. Electronic engineers are responsible for designing and constructing large-scale digital circuits and systems, such as those used in radio transmitters and receivers. As with electrical engineering, they must also troubleshoot malfunctioning complex circuits, systems, and components.

The foundational concepts of electrical and electronic engineering further incorporates the study of electromagnetism. Electromagnetic fields are generated when electric and magnetic fields interact with each other. Electromagnetic principles are widely used in medical, communications, and navigation engineering, as well as in the development of new materials and energy sources.

Electrical engineering is a rapidly changing field, as technology advances so too do the demands placed upon electrical engineers. Thus, they must continually work to stay abreast of the latest developments. Electrical engineers are responsible for creating, improving, and operating complex electrical and electronic systems from the circuit design to the construction of microprocessors. As such, they must possess a thorough knowledge of both theoretical and practical components of electrical engineering.

Many of the components used in the creation of electrical and electronic systems are commonplace and readily available from store shelves and distributors. However, major advancements in the field of electrical engineering, such as the development of integrated circuits and microprocessors, require a dedicated engineering team that understands the intricate details of component design, testing, fabrication, and assembly.

In more recent years, electrical engineering has seen the emergence of new fields such as optoelectronics, microelectronics, and nanotechnology. Optoelectronics is concerned with the design and characteristics of light-sensitive devices such as photodiodes and solar cells. Microelectronics is concerned with the study of small electrical components and their integration into miniaturized electrical systems. Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter on an atomic and molecular level. The applications of nanotechnology are far-reaching and could lead to a revolution in the design and manufacture of electrical components and systems.

In conclusion, electrical engineering is a dynamic and ever-evolving field. It incorporates a wide range of disciplines, including electronics, electromagnetism, optoelectronics, microelectronics, and nanotechnology. Electrical and electronic engineers are responsible for designing and building complex electrical and electronic systems from small test circuits to large communal, interactive systems. They must have a deep knowledge of theoretical and practical components of electrical engineering, as well as an understanding of the ever-changing field of electronics.

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