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Terminal Blocks - Headers, Plugs and Sockets have been around for many decades and have become an ubiquitous part of electrical and electronic equipment. Terminal Blocks provide several advantages. They have a wide range of applications, they are very easy to use, they are relatively inexpensive, and they provide a physically stable connection point for wires and cables. This article will provide an overview of the various types of Terminal Blocks, their application field and working principle.

What are Terminal Blocks?
Terminal Blocks are electrical connectors that hold multiple wires securely in place between two or more conductive surfaces. They provide a common point of electrical contact between various devices, circuits, and cable harnesses. Some applications require more robust electrical connections, for these a variety of terminal blocks are available with different features such as insulation displacement connectors (IDC) and screw terminals.

Terminal Blocks Basic Types and Applications
There are many types of Terminal Blocks available on the market. These can be divided into three basic categories: Headers, Plugs, and Sockets. Headers are mostly used in fixed wiring applications while plugs and sockets are used for cable/wire harnesses. Some of the most common varieties are listed below.

Headers
Headers are two piece terminal blocks with a male or female version. The male headers are generally used to make multi-pin connections to devices such as circuit boards, while female headers are used for interconnecting or terminating multiple wires. Most headers are rated for up to 10 amp applications and feature a push-in design for easy attachment and removal of copper wires.

Plugs
Plugs are three piece terminal blocks with a male or female version. The plugs are used for connecting wires quickly and securely. They are available with a variety of features including a built-in locking mechanism for added security, insulation displacement connection (IDC) for making connections without having to strip or crimp wires, and screw terminals for higher current requirements. Most plugs are rated for up to 10 amps and can provide a secure connection up to 600 volts.

Sockets
Sockets are three piece terminal blocks with a male or female version. The sockets are used to connect wires to devices such as circuit boards. They are available with a wide range of features such as insulation displacement connection (IDC), screw terminals, captive screw terminals, and a built-in locking mechanism. Most sockets are rated for up to 10 amps and can provide a secure connection up to 600 volts.

Terminal Blocks Working Principle
The working principle of Terminal Blocks is similar for all of the varieties. The basic structure consists of two conductive surfaces separated by a non-conductive material. The two conductive surfaces are connected to the outer conductive material through the device’s electrical terminals. The conductive surfaces are generally connected to the terminals via screws, but some versions use a snap-in or insulation displacement connection (IDC) for added convenience. When a wire is inserted between the two conductive surfaces, it creates a conductive path between the two connecting terminals.

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