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Gas Discharge Tube Arresters (GDTs) are devices used to protect electric circuits, components, and electronic systems from damage caused by transient voltage spikes, or surges, in alternating current (AC) power grids. GDTs are an essential component of modern lightning protection systems and they are commonly used in power plants, industrial areas and commercial buildings. GDTs are also frequently used in military and aerospace applications.

The working principle behind the GDT uses the heat generated by the current through a gas-filled tube to create a spark gap. The gap acts as a short circuit while current is flowing, and when the current reaches a predetermined level, the spark gap will open, effectively absorbing the voltage spike and preventing potential damage. As the current dissipates, the spark gap will close, allowing regular current to flow again.

In terms of application, GDTs are predominantly used to protect densely packed electrical components from high voltages. For example, GDTs are commonly found on the connectors of electrical and electronic devices and the power distribution systems of power plants, industrial areas, and commercial buildings. GDTs are also typically found in military and aerospace systems, where a higher level of protection is required. GDTs are also used to protect power transmission and distribution lines, which are vulnerable to voltage sags or harmonics and power surges.

When using GDTs for protection, it is important to consider the operation of the device. GDTs are capable of handling only a certain amount of energy and if too much energy is put into the spark gap, it can cause the spark gap to open and remain open, which can lead to the electrical components being damaged. It is thus important to select a GDT with the appropriate capacity and operational limits.

In addition to their primary use for protection, GDTs can also be used for measurement purposes. For instance, when testing voltage surges, GDTs can be used to measure the magnitude of the voltage spike, as well as the length of time that the current is flowing through the gap, thereby providing valuable insight into the electrical parameters. This information allows engineers to evaluate electrical components and systems to ensure that they are up to standards.

GDTs have been used in the protection of electrical and electronic equipment since the 1950s and have become an integral part of many sectors. In their traditional application in lightning protection systems, GDTs are used to dissipate the energy of a high-voltage transient induced on power system conductors, such as lightning strikes, and protect the electrical and electronic components from damage. As the sophistication of electrical systems has increased, GDTs have become increasingly important in protecting electronics, particularly due to their ability to dissipate the energy of a voltage surge.

In summary, GDTs are an important component of today’s electrical systems, providing protection against transient voltage spikes, as well as a means of measuring voltage surges. As the sophistication of electrical systems continues to increase, the importance of the GDTs will continue to rise as they offer protection against the damage caused by voltage spikes and surges.

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