2304717

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A numerical control system, also known as NC and an automated system, is a device or combination of devices coupled to a computer, controlling and monitoring the work done to produce a product. Numerical control systems are primarily used in manufacturing machines such as lathes, milling machines, and other automated equipment. The NC system comprises a controller, motor, axis drive, mechanical screws, clutch, home switches, and various associated hardware.

The controller provides the primary level of intelligence for the NC system. It serves to provide instructions from the computer to the various components, and also processes feedback from limit and home switches, encoders, and other monitoring unit. The controller is also capable of storing pre-programmed instructions and replaying them multiple times. The controller also serves to maintain the synchronization of multiple axis drives. The central feature of the controller is the number of axes it is capable of controlling.

The power source of the NC system is the motor. The motor is interconnected to the axis drives to operate the machine. Motors typically include stepper motors, direct current servos, and brushless direct current servos. Torque of the motor determines its speed and power, which determines the application of the NC system. The speed and power of the motor cannot exceed that of the critical gear mechansim. Generally, for most applications, motors need to have a life expectancy of at least thousands of hours.

Axis drives are the mechanism that enables the powering of the NC system. They serve to convert digital instructions from the controller into mechanical motion of the motor. The drives have specific parameters, such as the number of axes, which dictates the type and power of the motor, needed to be considered. The main purpose of the axis drive is to synchronize the individual axis and receive feedback information from the motor. Generally, axis drives include step drivers, switches, AC servos, and digital-to-analog converter.

The mechanical screws of an NC system serve to transfer the power from the motor to the machine. The mechanical screws contain shafts, pins, bearings, screws, nuts, and cables that can move along the screw. Recommended quality of the screws depends on the speed and accuracy requirement of the machine operation.

Clutches are used to reduce risk during non-numerical motion. These are advantageous when machining operations need to be more precise than that of numerical control. It is typically a clutch-brake combination, although only the clutch can be used when doing simple operations.

Home switches are the core components for safety. They limit the machine operation to its own set limits, protecting the machine from uncontrollable motion. Typical home switches are toggle switches, push buttons, and contactors. Home switches should be recurrently checked for malfunction.

Cables are the conduits of the control signals of the numerical control system. A wide range of cables are available, such as coaxial cables, shielded cables, etc. The cables must meet the requirements for voltage, load, and length and should be carefully selected and maintained for optimal performance.

In summary, the 2304717 application field and working principle are components of a numerical control system. The controller serves as the primary level of intelligence. The motor serves as the power source. Axis drives convert digital instructions into mechanical motion. Mechanical screws transfer the power from the motor to the machine. Clutches reduce risk during non-numerical motion. Home switches limit the machine operation to its own set limits. Cables serve as the conduits of the control signals. All of these components are essential for proper operation of the numerical control system.

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