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Gas Discharge Tube Arresters (GDT) are a type of specialized electrical protective device used throughout industrial and residential applications for the purpose of protecting against sudden surges of electricity, such as those caused by lightning strikes. The GDT consists of two electrodes, surrounded by a gas-filled, discharge-resistant medium, such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or argon. Voltage levels at which the air gap between the two electrodes starts ionizing, and a discharge is created from one electrode to the other, are referred to as the breakdown voltage.

When normal operating levels are below the breakdown voltage of the GDT, it remains in its quiescent state, allowing electrical current to pass through with no dissipative effects or risk of damage to nearby electrical equipment. Once the levels exceed the GDT’s breakdown voltage, the air gap between the two electrodes starts to become ionized, and a channel of gas ignited. This transient current is then diverted to the protective ground prong or ground rod, protecting the electronics from significant damage.

Once this surge is over, the GDT then requires resetting, either by recharging the gas gap with the charger left connected during the incident, or through the use of an additional voltage spike or pulse. It is commonplace amongst residential applications to include a GDT in the form of a lightning strike protector, or transient voltage surge suppressor, to reduce any sudden surges of electricity.

In industrial applications, the use of GDTs is essential when charging or discharging large capacitors, or when powerful AC induction motors are used. This is due to the amount of current which is induced by the power supply, causing a potential overload of the electrical equipment. An overload can cause serious and widespread damage to expensive electronics and machines, costing a significant amount to replace or repair, making the use of a GDT invaluable.

Due to GDTs quick response time, they are used to protect both high and low voltages during a fault in the system, or power supply. This makes them an incredibly reliable and effective piece of equipment, when the right GDT size is chosen to meet the operational requirements of the equipment it is intended to protect. The effectiveness of the device depends also on three factors; the gap, the material used, and the pressure of the gas.

Gas Discharge Tube Arresters are a reliable and efficient method of protection against surges and transients. Furthermore, they are relatively inexpensive when compared to other types of surge protection equipment, making them the preferred choice for many industrial and residential applications, by greatly reducing the potential for equipment damage and downtime.

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