2EZ91D/TR12

Diodes are simple semiconductor devices that can be used to direct the flow of electricity in one direction only, commonly referred to as rectifying. Single diodes, such as the 2EZ91D/TR12, are small and inexpensive components primarily used for their protective properties.

The 2EZ91D/TR12 is a type of Zener diode. Zener diodes selectively break down in the reverse (reverse-biased) direction when the applied voltage reaches a certain limit, allowing a low current to flow. This operation is known as the Zener breakdown which sets a voltage across the diode. This value is the nominal reverse breakdown voltage. The 2EZ91D/TR12 has a nominal reverse breakdown voltage of 12V.

The 2EZ91D/TR12 is mainly used in circuit protection applications. It is often used to protect delicate parts and components of an electronic circuit from voltage spikes, static electricity, or surges. By connecting the diode in series with the protected circuit, it can be used to absorb transient current flow. This is known as clamping. The Zener diode in this application limits the voltage by clamping it to the Zener breakdown voltage as the current flowing through it is low.

The 2EZ91D/TR12 can also be used as part of an AC power line surge protection circuit. This type of application is often required to protect home electronics from the effects of lightning strikes or other short-duration over-voltage events. In this case, the diode acts as a voltage clamp to keep the voltage from rising to unsafe levels.

The working principle of the 2EZ91D/TR12 is relatively simple. When it is connected in a circuit, the Zener diode starts to conduct reverse current when the voltage reaches or exceeds a certain threshold. The Zener breakdown voltage is the limiting factor here and when reached, the Zener diode basically switches on, allowing current to flow in the reverse direction.

In summary, the 2EZ91D/TR12 is a single Zener diode that is primarily used for circuit protection, allowing it to absorb transient current flow and protect delicate components from over-voltage events. Its working principle is based on the Zener breakdown which limits the voltage to the Zener breakdown voltage.