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Reverse osmosis, a type of mechanical filtration, is a process of purification by using high pressure to separate water molecules from their dissolved ions and other contaminants, thus producing pure water. Reverse osmosis has been widely used in water treatment and desalination. It has gradually become a key technology in commercial, industrial, residential, and municipal water supply. The application field and working principle of reverse osmosis are introduced in this article.

Reverse osmosis has a wide range of applications, including:

1. Application in package water industry: Reverse osmosis is used in water purification projects of bottled water, pure water and so on in the package water industry, with relatively complete process configuration. In the process of water treatment, other technologies can be combined with reverse osmosis technology, such as ion exchange, activated carbon adsorption, chemical oxidation or UV disinfection.

2. Application in food and beverage processing: Currently, the food and beverage processing industry has widely applied reverse osmosis technology to the production process, such as for the production of mineral water, juice concentrate, food preservatives and so on. Reverse osmosis can effectively remove bacteria, ions, proteins, germs, organic matters and other solutes, and retain desired ingredients effectively. This ensures the quality guarantee of the finished products.

3. Application in electric power system: Reverse osmosis technology is widely used in cooling circulating water system of power plants and nuclear power plants, and also is used to process fertilizer, printing and dyeing, salt, paper and other industries wastewater. It can effectively remove salt ions and other pollutants in the circulating water system, and improve the water quality to meet the process requirements of electric power system.

4. Application in pharmaceutical and biological industry: Reverse osmosis technology is widely used in factories for the production of pharmaceuticals and biological products. It is a factor that affects the quality and yields of products. The application of reverse osmosis technology can effectively reduce the production cost in terms of raw materials and wastewater treatment.

In response to this application filed, base on its working principle, the reverse osmosis is a physical separation process. It utilizes the difference of solution osmotic pressure to separate diluted solvent from the concentrate substance. By using a certain pressure, the driving force of reverse osmosis comes from the differences between the osmotic pressure of concentrate solution and pure water, which makes them across semipermeable membrane with different size in holes during the process. As the concentration of the concentrate solution is higher than that of its outside, water molecules from the concentrate solution will diffuse in certain direction, so as to balance the concentration on two sides of the semipermeable membrane. Therefore, the concentrate solution and the original target will form two distinct solutions and this process is known as reverse osmosis.

In general, reverse osmosis is a physical separation process that separates solutes from water. It is widely used for the purification of water and desalination, but it can also be applied to other industries such as food and beverage processing and pharmaceutical and biological production. The application field and working principle of reverse osmosis technology are introduced in this article.

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