381LR821M250A032

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Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are divided into two main types according to their specific purpose: AC capacitors, whose purpose is to smoothen alternating current (AC) voltage surges, and DC capacitors, which store direct current (DC) for different applications. Both types are classified as radially and axially mounted, depending on how their leads are connected. The alphanumeric identifier 381LR821M250A032 can help identify an aluminum electrolytic capacitor and indicate its characteristics.381LR821M250A032 is a type of axially mounted aluminum electrolytic capacitor. The three letters “LR8” indicate its main dimensions which are 8mm in length and 8mm in diameter. The two digits “21” refer to the capacitance in microfarads (uF). In this specific case, 21uF. The letter “M” stands for the tolerance of the capacitor, which in this case is ±15%. The final three digits “250” indicate the rated working voltage in volts (V). The last letter “A” stands for the type of capacitor, “A” for aluminum electrolytic. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are widely used in a variety of applications, ranging from power supplies and AC current smoothening to high-frequency noise filtering, dc-dc converters, switching applications, low-voltage circuits, electrical motors and more. Their construction is simple yet effective: two aluminum foils that are etched with alternating positive and negative nodes, an electrolyte layer, and a special layer of insulation paper. When an AC voltage is applied at the capacitor\'s terminals, the dielectric breaks down temporally producing polarities on both plates. This processes is called capacitance or charging. Due to the high capacitance of the capacitor and its low impedance, it provides a low equivalent series resistance necessary to smooth out high frequency transients. Furthermore, as proven by Ohm’s law, when current passes through the capacitor, it will experience a drop in the voltage, due to the opposition that the capacitor’s steel plates act against it. The 381LR821M250A032 capacitor should only be operated withtin its specified parameters, including temperature, humidity, input/output instantaneous voltage, and so on. It should not exceed its rated conditions, nor should it be exposed to direct sunlight, dust or contact with water. If done so, the capacitor can easily fail and cause serious damage to the rest of the circuit. In conclusion, aluminum electrolytic capacitors are a widely used component for a variety of applications. While they may seem simple in their construction, their effect in the electrical circuits can be critical, which is why their parameters have to be respected and never exceed their specified conditions. The 381LR821M250A032 capacitor is an axial aluminum electrolytic capacitor with a capacitance of 21uF, ±15% tolerance, and rated working voltage of 250V.

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