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System On Chip (SoC)

The term System On Chip (or SoC for short) is used in the embedded industry to describe a type of hardware that includes multiple hardware components integrated onto one chip or die. The most common components typically found on a SoC are the processor core, memory, input/output peripherals, digital signal processing, analog circuits, and power management circuitry. SoCs are important to embedded systems because they reduce the size, cost, and power consumption of the microcontroller or microprocessor entering into the system allowing for a much more compact electronics solution. The usage of SoCs also simplifies the development and design process since the components do not have to be connected together on multiple boards.

Application Field

System on Chip (SoC) components are used in a variety of embedded applications across many different industries. Many consumer products contain SoC components in order to ensure more efficient operation. Examples of consumer products that may contain SoC components include cell phones, digital cameras, home routers, medical devices, and internet of things (IoT) solutions. The automotive industry has also seen increased use of SoC components in recent years and they are being used to drive more efficient solutions such as active safety systems, in-vehicle infotainment systems, and even autonomous driving solutions.

Working Principle

The way a System On Chip (SoC) functions differs from the way a traditional microcontroller or microprocessor functions. While a traditional microcontroller or microprocessor typically consists of just a processor core, System On Chip (SoC) components typically include multiple components integrated onto one chip. This enables the SoC component to be more power efficient as well as much more compact. The processor core is the heart of the SoC component and is the main control component of the system. It is responsible for executing the code that is stored in the memory component of the SoC component.

The memory component of the SoC component is typically used to store both the program code that is executed by the processor component as well as any data that needs to be processed by the system. The specific type of memory component will depend on the system it is being used in, but the most common type is Static RAM (SRAM). The input/output peripherals of the SoC component are used to interface with the external components of the system. These include analog/digital converters, communication interfaces such as UART, I2C, CAN, SPI, etc., pulse width modulators, and timers. Finally, the power management circuitry of the SoC component is used to regulate the power consumption of the entire system.

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