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Embedded - FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array)

FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array) are a type of embedded chipset that can be configured to perform certain custom functions. In computing terms, they are a type of peripheral device, not a processor. This means that a computer requires an FPGA to “communicate” with other chips or hardware components. The main advantage of FPGAs over other chips is that they are highly flexible and can be used to reconfigure themselves for almost any type of custom interface.

An FPGA is comprised of a large number of transistors connected to inputs and outputs. This allows the FPGA to be reconfigured to perform different tasks and to interface with different devices. Each input and output is termed a “cell” and the cells can be used to create custom designs. To create a design, the user programs the FPGA by connecting the desired inputs and outputs together in a program or script. This is done using a combination of CAD software and a microprogramming language.

FPGAs are used in a wide range of applications, from telecommunications, aerospace and automotive industry to gaming consoles and industrial robots. They are more efficient and cost-effective than traditional processors, as they require fewer components and can be “customized” to suit different requirements. In addition, FPGAs can also be used to program custom functions, such as motion control, that are not available on regular processors.

An FPGA can also be used to connect peripheral devices. This allows for data to be transferred between a host computer and an external device. For example, an FPGA can be used to connect a printer to a host computer. This is useful in situations where an external device (such as a printer) needs to be connected to a computer, but the computer has no native interface to connect the device. FPGAs provide a way to interface with these devices while minimizing the risk of interference and incompatibility.

FPGAs are also used in embedded systems, where they can be used to provide a “customized” interface between the hardware and the software. An embedded system typically requires a small, powerful processor and an arrangement of specialized peripherals. FPGAs are well suited for this task, as they can be programmed to provide a specific interface that is tailored to the application. This eliminates the need for additional hardware, which saves cost and reduces the overall size of the system.

In addition, FPGAs are also used in safety-critical applications to ensure the reliability and consistency of the system. For example, an FPGA can be used as a “watchdog”, which will monitor the system and will shut it down in the event of a failure. This prevents the system from becoming unstable. FPGAs are also used in digital signal processing applications to accelerate the execution of certain algorithms.

In conclusion, FPGAs offer a great deal of flexibility and can be used to create custom designs, connect peripheral devices and improve safety systems. They are a cost-effective and efficient way to provide a tailored interface between the hardware and software in embedded systems. FPGAs are also well suited for safety-critical applications, as they can be programmed to provide reliable performance.

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