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Pneumatics and hydraulics are two technologies that are used to transmit power through the movement of liquid or gas. Both technologies use pressure to move objects, but the way in which they do this is very different. Although pneumatics and hydraulics are both used in many industrial, medical, and automotive applications, understanding the differences can help designers and engineers better choose the appropriate technology for their specific needs.

Pneumatics
Pneumatics is the use of compressed gas to generate power. This gas is usually air, but other types of gases, such as nitrogen, argon, and helium can also be used in certain applications. Pressure in the system is generated by the use of a compressor, which compresses the air before it is sent through the system. The compressed air is then sent through pipe systems to actuators, valves, and other components that can use the energy generated by the pressurized air to power movement. The compressed air can also be stored in cylinders or reservoirs for later use.

Pneumatics is most commonly used in applications that require fast response times and precise control. Compressed air is lighter than hydraulic fluid, so it takes much less time to displace, which makes it well-suited to applications that require quick response times. In addition, because pneumatics is non-toxic, it is often preferred in applications that involve food, drug processing, and medical equipment.

Hydraulics
Hydraulics is the use of pressurized liquid to generate power. Pressure in the system is generated by the use of a pump, which pressurizes the fluid before it is sent through the system. The pressurized fluid is then sent through systems to actuators, valves, and other components that can use the energy generated by the pressurized fluid to power movement. The pressurized fluid can also be stored in tanks or reservoirs for later use.

Hydraulics is most commonly used in applications that require large amounts of force. The pressurized fluid has a much greater density than compressed air, so it can generate more power than pneumatics. In addition, hydraulics is ideal for applications in remote areas, as it does not require an external source of power to operate. Additionally, because hydraulic fluid is more resistant to heat and corrosion than air, it is often preferred in applications that involve pressurized liquids or hot environments.

Pneumatics and hydraulics are both useful technologies for a variety of applications. Designers and engineers must determine the most suitable technology for their specific needs, taking into account such factors as operating environment, response time, control precision, power requirements, and cost.