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Pneumatics

Pneumatics is an application field of engineering dealing with the study and application of the production and use of pressurized gas to create mechanical motion. It employs compressible fluid, such as air or a specialized gas, to transmit and control energy in the form of pressure and flow. It is mainly used in automation, such as in factories and manufacturing machines, where reliability and precision are of utmost importance.

Typical components of a pneumatic system

The typical components of a pneumatic system are cylinders, pumps, control valves, and sensors. Cylinders are used to generate linear motion, while pumps provide pressurized air that is used to power the system. Control valves are used to control and regulate the flow of air, while sensors measure the pressure and flow of air. Most systems also include safety valves to prevent over pressure and valves that restrict backpressure from the actuator.

General working principle of pneumatic system

The basic principle of pneumatic systems is to use compressed gas to produce mechanical motion. This is accomplished by generating a pressure differential across an actuator that moves when the pressure differential is high enough. The pressure differential is created by a pump and control valve, which regulates the flow of gas into the system. As the pressure builds, the actuator moves, and when the pressure is relieved, the actuator returns to its resting position.

Hydraulics

Hydraulics is the application of mechanical principles to the solution of problems involving fluid power. It deals with the studies and design of systems involving pressurized fluids. This type of engineering applies mainly to the use of liquid fluids in closed systems such as presses, lifts, ovens, air conditioning, and transmission and fuel systems in vehicles.

Typical components in a hydraulic system

The components of a hydraulic system include pumps, valves, motors, accumulators, lines, filters, relief valves and actuators. The pumps provide the power for the system, while the valves regulate and control the flow of fluid. Motors convert the energy of the pumped fluid into mechanical energy, while accumulators provide temporary storage of the fluid. The lines provide a network of passages for the fluid to travel through, while the filters keep the fluid clean. Relief valves protect the system from excess pressure, while the actuators use the pressurized fluid to produce mechanical motion.

General working principle of hydraulic system

The general working principle of a hydraulic system is to use a pump to generate pressurized fluid that is used to power the system. The pressurized fluid flows through valves and actuators that control the motion of the system. The pressure of the fluid is maintained by a relief valve which opens when the pressure exceeds a certain threshold. Through the use of multiple pumps, valves, and actuators, complex motion can be created and controlled with precision.

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