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Snap Action, Limit Switches

Snap action switches, also commonly referred to as snap-action switches or limit switches, are a family of electromechanical devices used to detect physical changes in its environment and take action in response to these changes. They are most often used in industrial automation settings where they detect the touch of a machine operator, the presence or absence of a particular item, and various other physical changes. In this article, we will look at some of the uses of snap-action switches and the working principles that govern their operations.

Applications of Snap Action Switches

Snap action switches have quickly become a staple of automation, providing an instantaneous line of communication between a physical interaction and the system controlling it. On a factory floor, snap action switches may be used to detect whether a machine has moved beyond a certain point or to detect whether an item has been fully loaded into a particular machine, allowing the system to respond quickly and reliably.

In addition, these switches are often used in a variety of areas outside of the factory floor. These include medical devices, such as hospital beds, medical carts, and medical chairs. In this case, the switch is usually used to detect a change in the position of the bed, indicating to the machine that the bed is in a new position and needs to be adjusted. Other non-factory applications include things like hydraulic door closure systems and security sensors.

Working Principle of Snap Action Switches

At the heart of a snap action switch lies an electromechanical actuator, which is the component responsible for translating a physical change in the environment into electrical signals. This actuator is typically made from two main components: the actuator arm and the switch contacts. The actuator arm is usually a physical object such as a lever or plunger and is fitted with a spring to ensure that it returns to its default position when released. The switch contacts are electrical contacts which are linked together and held apart by the spring so that when the actuator is pressed, the switch contacts close and create an electrical connection.

The breakout point of the actuator is what ensures that the switch can detect physical changes in its environment. Generally, the spring is set with a certain amount of tension which is measured using units of force known as ounces-force (or ozf). The breakout point is the threshold of force which must be met before the actuator arm breaks away from the switch contacts and registers the physical change. Typical breakout points range from 3 ozf, for a light touch, to 100+ ozf, for more significant changes such as a fully loaded machine part.

Once a physical change has been registered and the switch contacts no longer make electrical contact with each other, the switch turns off and the switch contacts remain open until the actuator is pressed back in place. This type of switch is referred to as a normally open switch, as the contacts are open when no force is applied to the actuator arm.

Conclusion

Snap action switches can be used in a variety of applications, ranging from factory automation to medical devices. By using an electromechanical actuator and switch contacts, these switches are able to detect physical changes in their environment and respond accordingly. The force needed to break the switch contacts is adjustable, allowing for a wide range of applications, from light touch to heavy force.

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