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Proximity Sensors

A proximity sensor is a detection device that is used to detect the presence of an object, person, or any other thing within a certain distance of the device without any contact. Proximity sensors are commonly used in industrial automation, automotive, aviation and marine applications. In some cases, proximity sensors can even be used for human-machine interaction. Proximity sensors can be classified according to their detection method which includes, capacitive, photoelectric, inductive, ultrasonic, and magnetic.

The 9918-2919 application field and working principle of a proximity sensor is to determine the presence or absence of an object, person, or other thing. The application field of a proximity sensor can range from industrial automation where it can be used to detect the presence of an object which is too small or too confined to be detected by a human eye or other more traditional sensing devices, to automotive and aviation sectors, where they are used to detect the presence of human and animal obstacles on roads or runways. In addition, they can be used in marine applications for detecting submerged objects or to detect the presence of someone in the water. The working principle of each proximity sensor is different depending on the type and detection range of a particular sensor. Generally speaking, the more advanced a proximity sensor is, the more accurate its detection range will be.

Capacitive Proximity Sensors are an Electric Field sensing device that utilizes the change in the capacitance as the set-point of the sensor. They are commonly used in electronic applications to sense the presence of non-metallic objects or when a low cost is desired. They are best deployed for applications where the object to be detected is relatively close to the sensor, typically a few millimeters. The disadvantage of capacitive type sensors is that they will not detect metals or liquids.

Photoelectric Proximity Sensors detect the presence of an object by detecting light reflected off its surface. They are commonly used in industrial automation applications because they can accurately detect the presence of objects, even when they are far away, and can detect objects with high accuracy and precision. Photoelectric sensors are also available in different wavelength versions, which can be used to detect objects with different reflective properties and/or varyin visible color.

Inductive Proximity Sensors detect metal objects based on a change in inductance, resulting when an object being detected changes the field around the sensor. Inductive sensors are typically used for industrial purposes as they can detect objects, even when they are encapsulated or hidden from view. Inductive proximity sensors are most commonly used in metal detection and to detect the presence and absence of metal objects on a conveyor belt or in a chute. Inductive sensors are also available with different frequency ranges and are capable of detecting objects with different magnetic permeability.

Ultrasonic Proximity Sensors are used to detect objects using high-frequency sound waves. They are especially useful when the objects to be detected are far away or when it is necessary to detect small objects. They are also extremely accurate when compared to other sensor types. Ultrasonic sensors are commonly used in industrial applications as well as medical applications, where they are used to detect small targets such as tumors or lesions.

Magnetic Proximity Sensors detect objects using magnets or flux fields. They are particularly useful in applications where it is necessary to detect objects that are moving and/or small objects that cannot be detected with other sensors. Magnetic sensors are commonly used for industrial applications, such as detecting metal objects on a production line or in a warehouse. They are also used in medical and aerospace applications, to detect the presence of tiny objects.

Overall, proximity sensors can be considered as one of the most important sensing devices for many industrial, automotive, aviation and marine applications. Their detection method range from capacitive, photoelectric, inductive, ultrasonic, and magnetic, which makes them suitable for application-specific sensing requirements. The working principle of each proximity sensor also varies significantly, depending on the specific application field.

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