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Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors provide a reliable and inexpensive way of storing electrical energy. The device ALF40C153DD040 is a radial lead, non-polarized aluminum electrolytic capacitor that has a wide range of uses from providing a high level of energy storage to serving as timing devices, current filters and polarity protection.

Application Field

The ALF40C153DD040 is a reliable component used in a variety of applications, such as AC-DC converters, automotive electronics, digital audio and video equipment, LCD displays, LED lighting, medical systems, telecom equipment and portable devices.

The most common applications for the ALF40C153DD040 are electronic circuits with a short-term or intermediate high voltage demand, DC-to-DC converters, high-frequency filters, snubber circuits on switch-mode rectifiers and high-efficiency motors.

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors can also be used for pulse receivers, peak limiters, line matching circuits and step-up and step-down transformers.

Working Principle

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors use an electrolyte (usually a non-aqueous solution containing a salt or an acid) and a thin paper dielectric separator between two aluminum foil plates that have been oxidized to form semiconducting aluminum oxide films. When an electrical current is applied, an electrical double layer is formed at the contact surfaces of the electrodes, creating a barrier that stores energy.

Due to the semiconductor layer, aluminum electrolytic capacitors are polarization-dependent and voltage-sensitive. When negative charging is applied, the electric current flows from the positive terminal to the negative terminal, causing the capacitors to hold a greater charge.

The amount of energy that can be stored by an aluminum electrolytic capacitor depends on the physical area of the two stages, as well as on the time that is necessary for the electric charge particles to saturate them.

Advantages and Disadvantages

The primary advantages of aluminum electrolytic capacitors are their small physical size for the amount of capacitance they offer, their low price, and their relatively high maximum operating temperature and allowable ripple current.

The main disadvantages of aluminum electrolytic capacitors are their poor capacity for high-frequency applications, their limited lifetime (typically between 2,000 and 5,000 hours at 85°C), their large self-inductance and their voltage-sensitivity.

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors must also be charged with a low current to reduce their temperature coefficient and leakage current, so a pulsed charging is often recommended.

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