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Thyristors - TRIACs

Thyristors, commonly known as TRIACs, are one type of transistors developed specifically for use in AC circuits. Unlike other transistor types, thyristors are built to withstand high voltages as well as high current loads, making them ideal for use in AC circuits where voltage and current can quickly and drastically change.

TRIACs are four-layer, alternating-current switches, consisting of two layers of PNPN interconnected by two metallic contacts, called an “Anode” and a “Gate”. The Anode is typically connected to one terminal of the AC power source, while the Gate connects to the other. When the Gate is triggered, either by a voltage or current, the thyristor switches on, allowing current to travel through the Anode and the Gate.

The TRIAC is a popular choice for AC applications since it is able to control the amount of current flowing through a circuit, providing an effective way to regulate the power supply of AC circuits. They are often used in switching applications, where they can be set to turn on and off at specific times or intervals. TRIACs are also commonly used in dimming applications, as they can be set to reduce the amount of current flowing through a circuit, allowing the user to reduce or increase the brightness of a light bulb.

TRIACs can be used in the control of the speed of AC motors. They are often used to measure the speed of an AC motor by using a frequency signal controlled by the TRIAC. A resistive voltage divider is typically used with the TRIAC to measure the voltage across the motor. This is used to determine the speed, then the TRIAC controls the speed by adjusting the amount of current flowing to the motor.

TRIACs are also used in high power control circuits such as AC heater control, AC motor control, and industrial process control, as thyristors can handle large current and voltage loads. Thyristors are often used in these applications because of their ability to quickly turn a circuit on and off, or reduce the current flowing through the circuit, allowing for precise control of power supplied to the circuit.

TRIACs are used in numerous applications and are a valuable tool for controlling AC circuits. Their ability to handle voltage and current and react quickly has made them an indispensable part of many AC electrical systems.

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