MAL210272223E3

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Aluminum electrolytic capacitors, of which the MAL210272223E3 is an example, are invaluable members of many electronics systems. They are suitable for applications requiring high energy storage and rapid charge and discharge capabilities, such as for very high frequency signals, so are used widely in radio, telecommunications and coupling applications.

An aluminum electrolytic capacitor consists of two parallel aluminum foils with an insulating film between them, known as the dielectric. The innermost aluminum foil, termed the anode, is etched to form a large surface area of small fingers or legs. The oxides grown on these anode fingers act as a semi-permeable barrier. This forms the electrolyte which is also wrapped with the other aluminum foil, formed from the cathode. When current is passed through the capacitor, charge begins to build up in the capacitor and an electric field is formed in the dielectric.

A great advantage of aluminum electrolytic capacitors is that, due to the physical characteristics of the dielectric, the capacitance increases with the applied voltage, providing the highest charge storage capacity of any capacitor. The large dielectric surface area also means that the capacitance can be substantially higher than conventional capacitors. This makes aluminum electrolytic capacitors ideal for many applications that require higher capacitance values.

In addition, the combination of the anodic electrolytic layer and the dielectric provides a self-healing action. The anodic layer has a fairly low resistance, which can be exploited during discharge. Passivation of the anode occurs when the voltage drops below a certain level, and a ballooning effect occurs to fill voids that have developed in the dielectric. This serves to rejuvenate the dielectric and also reduce the effective impedance of the capacitor which helps to ensure the capacitor’s energy storage capabilities.

Another common use of aluminum electrolytic capacitors is found in AC circuits. Asynchronous AC circuits allow capacitor current to flow freely through the dielectric, assuming that the projected capacitor voltage does not exceed its operating voltage rating. AC circuits use the capacitor to store, convert, and supply electrical energy, allowing for the rapid opening and closing of the device for applications such as filters or rectifiers. Capacitor impedance is also important, because it helps to reduce the slip character of the AC motor.

In conclusion, aluminum electrolytic capacitors, such as the MAL210272223E3 model, are useful and reliable components in a wide range of applications. Their high energy storage, combined with low impedance, makes them ideal for all types of radio, AC and DC applications. Furthermore, their self-healing action and large dielectric area adds to their usefulness, allowing them to provide reliable operation with minimal maintenance in most applications.

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