PIC16C67-20/P

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The PIC16C67-20/P is an 8-bit, mid-range, multi-purpose, 20-pin microcontroller from the Sub-family of the PIC™ microcontroller range from Microchip Technology. This microcontroller is using RISC architecture and operates with up to 20MHz instruction clock frequency. It has 2kB from on-chip Flash program memory, 128 bytes from RAM data memory, 16 bytes from Data EEPROM, and 28 bytes of working register. The applications for the PIC16C67-20/P include embedded applications that require sound synthesis, data acquisition and control, analog signal processing, and EEPROM non-volatile data storage. It can be used in LCD and LED displays, industrial control applications, data logging, medical instrumentation and monitoring, motor control and robotics.

Working principle

The PIC16C67-20/P is based on Harvard architecture where code and data memory are separated. It uses 12-bit wide instruction words and 16-bit wide data words. The microcontroller contains four 8-bit registers, three 16-bit registers, one-word deep dedicated stack, and 27 Special Function Registers (SFRs). These SFRs include General purpose registers, interrupt enable/flags, ports, serial communications registers, Parallel Slave Port (PSP) and Parallel Master Port (PMP) registers, and on-chip module enable registers. In addition, the PIC16C67-20/P also includes two configurable Timers, a watchdog timer, an internal oscillator, 2 capture/compare/PWM modules, and an 8-channel 10-bit ADC.

When powered on, the microcontroller sets all registers, port pins, and other special function registers to their default values. The PIC16C67-20/P can execute instructions from the flash program memory in 4 cycles. It can perform conditional jumps, branch instructions, and interrupts in the same number of cycles. To handle more complex instructions, a multi-cycle instruction set is built in the microcontroller.

Power source

The PIC16C67-20/P can be powered with an external power source such as AC adaptor, a battery, and solar cells. In addition, it also has an on-chip voltage regulator through which it can provide regulated voltage from an unregulated external power supply. Lower power consumption can be achieved by using Sleep and Idle modes. The Sleep allows the microcontroller to enter a low power mode by disabling all clocks and saving the RAM and CPU states. The Idle mode allows the CPU to continue working but does stop all other clocks, resulting in significant reduction of current consumption.

Digital I/O

The PIC16C67-20/P supports 18 digital I/O pins. Five of these are designated as external interrupt pin. These pins can be used to accept interrupts from external peripherals such as encoders and switches and will wake up the microcontroller from Sleep mode. Each of these I/O pins can be configured either as an input or output by programming the TRIS (Input/Output select) and PORT registers.

Analog Inputs

The PIC16C67-20/P includes an on-chip 8-channel 10-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). This ADC is directly connected to the CPU to perform A/D conversion and can measure an analog voltage whenever the CPU is powered on. The ADC has 1024 steps of resolution and can accurately measure the voltage between 0V and 5V. It also has an auto-zero and auto-gain feature which adjusts the measured voltage to maximize accuracy. For more complex applications, the microcontroller can be programmed to use the comparator, PWM and timer modules to generate signals.

Communications

The PIC16C67-20/P has built-in Enhanced Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (EUSART). This provides asynchronous serial data interchange to connect with external peripherals and devices. The EUSART can generate and detect serial data rates from 1200 to 57.6K baud at TTL, RS-232 and RS-485 levels. In addition, the SPI and I2C interfaces are also supported. The SPI interface can support up to 10MHz baud rates, while the I2C interface can support fast mode with rates up to 400KHz. Both of these are additional protocols that allow the transfer of data or messages between the microcontroller and external peripherals.

Programming

The PIC16C67-20/P is programmed using C or assembly languages by loading the source code onto the Flash program memory. The instructions are executed in 4 clock cycles, while more complex instructions can be done in multi-cycle instructions. For better program flow, the microcontroller has built-in debugging features such as breakpoints, single-stepping, program trace, and instruction trace.

Conclusion

The PIC16C67-20/P is an 8-bit, low power and low cost microcontroller that offers many features for embedded applications. It supports digital and analog I/O, communications, and powerful programming capabilities. It is used for data acquisition, sound synthesis, control and data logging applications. High reliability and flexibility makes this processor suitable for use in a wide range of applications.

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