SN74LS90N

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The SN74LS90N is a decade counter integrated circuit (IC), which has many applications and is widely used. The device is of the type known as a CMOS, or Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor, IC, which is created by embedding process logic within substrates of semiconductor elements. The SN74LS90N leverages not just the logic circuitry, but also structural features to provide the long-term durability for which CMOS logs are noted.

The SN74LS90N consists of four synchronous decade counters, each with a fully decoded decade output. The decade counters are cascaded together in a topological "chain." The counters are triggered in sequence as a single up/down counter by a high/low signal applied to a single input pin. The counters are advanced each time the data line is pulsed; this is referred to as a clock pulse. Inputs are provided to cascade the outputs of each counter to the next, thus providing longer count lengths.

The SN74LS90N is a synchronous up/down decade counter IC can be used to count up to a maximum of 10, and offers a large array of outputs such as toggle, divide-by-2, 3/4, and divide-by-8. The maximum count rate is 3MHz when operating from 5.0V. The decade counter can also be operated from other voltage sources, and the maximum count rate is subject to changes with decreasing supply voltages. However, the SN74LS90N is designed to primarily operate from 5V.

The SN74LS90N decade counter is commonly used in a range of electronics and micro-controller applications, such as in radio receiver and microprocessor-based systems. In radio systems, for example, the IC is used to count the received radio frequency waveforms, thereby identifying the frequencies being transmitted. In microprocessor-based systems, the IC is used to enable one microprocessor to take over different functions and then "restart" itself when finished, in a cyclical manner.

The working principle of the SN74LS90N is based on its wide range of capabilities. Firstly, the SN74LS90N is a synchronous up/down decade counter and can count up to a maximum of 10. It has the ability to track a maximum of 3MHz when operated from 5V, though this can vary depending on the source voltage. It is also able to produce toggle, divide-by-2, 3/4 and divide-by-8 outputs.

In addition to this, the SN74LS90N has a number of pin configurations that control the direction and timing of the count value. The data line is pulsed each time the counter is advanced, and this is done regardless of the direction. The counters are all cascaded together in a chain and are triggered in sequence by a high/low signal. There are also inputs provided to cascade the outputs of each counter to the next, allowing for longer count lengths due to the logic circuitry being embedded within the substrate.

Finally, the device includes circuitry which enable it to count both in the up and down directions. This is done via a clock enable input "CE", a "load/hold" input, and a "reset" input which also serves as a master reset to clear all counters. The counters can also "skip" on any pulse, depending on the logic levels of the reset and load/hold pins. All of these features make the SN74LS90N a very versatile and robust component in a wide array of applications.

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