TL431ACLPM

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PMIC (Power Management IC) Voltage Reference is one of the most versatile and commonly used components in the power management system. It provides a reference voltage for operational amplifiers, switching power supply regulators, power supplies, and other power management elements. The TL431ACLPM is one of the most popular ICs in the PMIC Voltage Reference category, and this article highlights the application field and working principle of the TL431ACLPM.

Application Field of the TL431ACLPM

The TL431ACLPM is an adjustable linear voltage Regulator, which is capable of sourcing current up to 100mA with a voltage range from 2.5V to 36V. It is a 3-Terminal Adjustable SepicShunt Regulator that uses a newly designed Diffused-Barrier Silicon-controlled Rectifier (SCT) as the reference. It provides stability against thermal and process variation, and requires a very low operating current of 1mA. The TL431ACLPM is a highly versatile PMIC Voltage Reference component which renders it suitable for a wide variety of applications.

The TL431ACLPM can be used in post-regulator circuits, re-regulation feedback circuits, current feedback circuits, resistive voltage dividers, amplifier feedback circuits, peak detectors and window comparators. It is suitable for use in lucent power supplies, PC power supplies, linear AC/DC switching power supplies, and DC/DC switching supplies. It is also used in temperature controllers, multiplexers, instrumentation systems, telecommunication systems, audio amplifiers, LCD displays and monitors, amplifiers, medical equipment, and home appliances such as televisions, VCRs and microwave ovens.

Working Principle of the TL431ACLPM

The TL431ACLPM is a three-terminal adjustable shunt regulator comprised of a SCT as the reference. The circuit operates as an adjustable voltage divider that establishes an output voltage relative to the reference. The reference of the TL431A is a SCT which is formed by diffusing a p+ layer in a suitably doped N type silicon material. This acts as a floating voltage source, the output voltage of which is dependent on the temperature and the doping profile. This output voltage is connected to the non-inverting input of a unity-gain error amplifier, which compares the actual output voltage to the reference voltage. This differential voltage is then used to drive current into and out of the pulse-width modulated controller.

The output voltage of the TL431ACLPM can be programmed using an external resistive divider, connected between its voltage output (VADJ) and the common pin (VREF). The output voltage is regulated by the feedback loop and is maintained at a level exactly proportional to the reference voltage. The reference voltage is also programmed externally and is independent of temperature and time. The output voltage is kept constant by varying the on and off times of the integrated pulse-width modulated (PWM) controller.

In order to ensure that the output voltage is maintained even in the face of process and temperature variations, the pulse-width modulated controller monitors both the output voltage and the reference voltage. It then maintains the output voltage at a level that is equal to the reference voltage, regardless of any external interference. This ensures that the output voltage is stabilized and does not fluctuate, even in the face of variations in temperature and process parameters.

Conclusion

The TL431ACLPM Voltage Reference IC provides a reference voltage for operational amplifiers, switching power supply regulators, power supplies, and other power management elements. It is an adjustable linear voltage regulator capable of sourcing current up to 100mA with a voltage range from 2.5V to 36V. It provides stability against thermal and process variation and requires a very low operating current of 1mA. The TL431ACLPM can be used in various application fields and its working principle is based on an integrated pulse-width modulated controller which monitors the output voltage and reference voltage to maintain the output voltage at a level that is equal to the reference voltage.

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