36.202

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Application Field

36.202 is one of the LTE (Long-Term Evolution) air interface specifications. It specifies user and control plane aspects of Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and is part of the 3GPP specifications. It is developed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to improve the coverage and capacity of existing 3G networks and to provide more cost-effective solutions for wider wireless broadband access and multimedia support.

This LTE standard is used for the following application fields:

• Broadband Mobile Access with higher data rate and lower latency
• Advanced Services and Applications, such as the mobile internet, mobile TV, push-to-talk systems, etc.
• Unified deployment options for both FDD and TDD systems
• High spectral and energy efficiency
• Improved Quality of Service and Battery Life for mobile users
• Low Capital and Operational Expenditure for Service Providers
• Interoperability with existing 3G networks

Furthermore, this standard can be used for indoor environments, such as small offices, train stations, airports, as well as for temporary applications, such as events or emergency situations.

Working Principle

The LTE air interface specified in 36.202 is based on OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) access technology. It provides very high peak data rates due to the wider transmission bandwidth available. Other benefits of this access technology include better frequency reuse and improved system capacity. Furthermore, adaptive data rate and hybrid ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) features are used to ensure a high-quality connection even in propagation impairments and fading environments.

The working principle of OFDM can be summarized by stating that it takes a wide bandwidth signal and breaks it down into many smaller sub-channels that are combined to use the same frequency. Each sub-channel is then assigned to a user, allowing for multiple users to use the same frequency at the same time. These sub-channels are then combined back together at the receiver, which then \'pulls out\' the individual signals for each user. This is possible due to the orthogonality of the modulation used.

As with all wireless systems, the LTE system using 36.202 must take into account the presence of interference that can affect communication between users. This can be done by using spreading techniques, which spread the available symbols across multiple sub-carriers, thus reducing mutual interference. Additionally, methods such as scheduling and resource allocation can be used to further improve the system performance.

In addition to the actual communication between users, the LTE system must also take into account the mobility of its users, which can affect the system performance, especially when the users traverse different service areas. This is accomplished using the necessary functionality to achieve location-dependent handover of users from one service area to another as they move throughout the system.

Finally, as with all wireless communications systems, security is an important factor that must be taken into consideration. Thus, LTE systems must employ appropriate security features to protect both user data and the system itself from unauthorized access and tampering.

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