36.264

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36.264 is a technology standard specifying an application field and working principles for video coding. Established jointly by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the standard defines various network and video coding parameters applicable to high-scale video coding/decoding technologies. Being built upon the requirements of MPEG-4 Visual Standard, 36.264 also specifies low-delay video coding for streaming applications.

The most significant application field of 36.264 is video conferencing and telepresence. It allows users to participate in conversations with one another around the world by utilizing very broadband networks. Video conferencing in this technology provides the ability to both conference and to utilize audio, video, and text for communication. Additionally, it creates an experience of "face-to-face" type of conversation between two or more parties from different locations.

The working principles of 36.264 are designed to provide a reliable, end-to-end transmission system for high-end video coding applications. It includes a set of methods applicable to both network and video levels procedures, such as various frame encoding and error protection techniques. It also provides a set of parameters and rules for handling video streaming over the network, and provides instructions on the type of frame encoding and error protection to be used for an efficient and secure transmission process.

At the network level, 36.264 specifies a sequence of steps for the reliable end-to-end transmission of coded video data. Firstly, the coded video stream is divided into frames, and then each frame is subjected to forward error correction (FEC) or cyclic redundancy check (CRC) for accurate transmission. Secondly, the frames are encoded using various techniques, such as variable length coding (VLC), quantization of coefficients (QC), or run-length coding (RLC). Finally, the encoded frames are secured with a strong error detection and correction scheme.

At the video coding level, 36.264 specifically instructs on the parameters and procedures to perform quantization and run-length coding. It also provides recommendations on the types of transformation to be used and the type of block structure to be used for the purpose of reconstructing a full frame from coded information. Furthermore, it outlines various techniques to handle random errors in coded frames, including the use of check-sums and Reed-Solomon codes.

In conclusion, 36.264 is an established technology standard that provides a unified framework of application fields and working principles for high-end video coding/decoding technologies. It provides requirements and parameters for efficient and secure transmission of coded video streams. Moreover, it instructs on procedures for various techniques to be used at both the network and video coding levels.

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