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Aluminum electrolytic capacitor is an electronic component that stores electricity. This type of capacitor is composed of two aluminum foils that are coated with an electrolytic film. It has a high capacitance and a relatively low ESR (equivalent series resistance). They also have a low ESR and a high self-healing capacity. This makes them one of the most efficient capacitors available.

The application of aluminum electrolytic capacitors is widespread in the electronics and power industry. They are typically used in power supply units, line voltage regulators, noise suppression capacitors, radio frequency filters, dc input filter capacitors, voltage regulators, EMI (electromagnetic interference) suppression capacitors, LCD (liquid crystal display) display driver capacitors, and sound system capacitors. Additionally, they are also used in audio and video player output stage, motor series capacitors, boost converters, and countermeasure systems.

The working principle of the aluminum electrolytic capacitor is based on the principle of electrolysis. When voltage is applied across the two plates of an electrolytic capacitor, an electric current is generated. This electric current splits the electrolyte into two oppositely charged parts: anode and cathode. The formation of ions at the electrodes divides the space between the two plates into two sections, and the electrostatic attraction between the two ions creates an electric field in the space between the two plates. This electric field exerts an electric force on the electrons, which, in turn, creates a capacitive current between the two plates. This capacitive current is used for storing electrical energy.

The capacitance of the aluminum electrolytic capacitor is typically much higher than other types of capacitors. This is attributed to the thicker dielectric layer, which is composed of a thin layer of electrolyte material. The combination of the thinner dielectric layer and a thicker electrolyte layer enables the capacitor to have a lower ESR, and hence, higher capacitance. The higher capacitance makes the capacitor more suitable for applications such as high frequency noise suppression and energy storage.

The electric current passing through the plates of the aluminum electrolytic capacitor causes the electrolyte to decompose, and in turn, new electrolyte to form. This extremely gradual process of forming and re-forming of electrolyte eventually leads to the capacitance of the capacitor diminishing over time. As a result, the capacitor needs to be replaced frequently. To avoid the frequent replacement of the capacitor, capacitor manufacturers use special additive packages, which help reduce the rate of decomposition of the electrolyte.

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are used in a wide range of applications, such as power supplies, line voltage regulators, motor series capacitors, boost converters, and countermeasure systems. With their high capacitance, low ESR, and high self-healing capacity, aluminum electrolytic capacitors are the most efficient capacitors available. The addition of special additives to the electrolyte helps reduce the rate of capacitor degradation and thus extends the lifespan of the capacitor.

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