AT90S1200A-12SI

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The AT90S1200A-12SI is an 8-bit microcontroller that belongs to the Atmel AVR microcontroller family. This particular microcontroller, manufactured by Atmel, consists of an internal clock, 8-bit wide instruction bus, 8-bit wide data bus, 32KB of code memory, 512B of program memory, 128B of general-purpose I/O devices, and various other components which are the essence of the device. It is popular for its small size and relatively low power yet reliable performance.

The AT90S1200A-12SI is primarily designed to be used as an embedded-type microcontroller, meaning that it is ultimately responsible for a range of tasks performed within a single piece of apparatus such as a radio, a phone, etc. The complexity of an embedded-type microcontroller depends on the requirements and capabilities of the device in which it is to be used and installed.

The primary and essential function of the AT90S1200A-12SI is to accept instructions from a central processing unit (CPU) and execute commands in the form of operations. These operations are written and encoded in machine code, with the instructions being stored into flash memory or EEPROM so it is not necessary to reload the instructions after each restart or when the output is modified. The AT90S1200A-12SI offers four separate banks of instruction and data memory and an extensive range of peripherals.

The AT90S1200A-12SI is equipped with several devices and components that are used to perform certain tasks. These include, for example, the timers, serial devices, input/output devices, inter-integrated circuit (I2C) buses, and power management. All these components interact with one another in order to execute operations.

In terms of timers, the AT90S1200A-12SI uses a watchdog timer and four general purpose timers. The watchdog timer consists of an oscillator whose frequency is configured in the software using a combination of the oscillator and the timer\'s multiplexer. The watchdog timer monitors the status of the clock and resets the processor upon an unexpected clock stoppage. The four general-purpose timers are used to count the number of clock cycles, measure the pulse widths of the signals, count the number of external events, and generate a frequency-based control signal.

The AT90S1200A-12SI also includes a serial interface, which allows for the transmission and reception of data between the microcontroller and its other devices. The serial interface consists of a transmitter and a receiver, with the serial clock on the transmitter and the data line on the receiver. The serial line interconnects the devices in the system, and it is typically used for exchanging data or instructions.

The input/output devices on the AT90S1200A-12SI are used for connecting various external sensors and other devices to the system. The general-purpose input/output (GPIO) pins provide the basic input/output capabilities, while the two separate 8-bit and 16-bit ports provide additional flexibility. The microcontroller also provides a dedicated hardware interrupt controller, allowing the microcontroller to respond to external hardware events in a timely manner.

The AT90S1200A-12SI also features an I2C bus. The I2C bus is a two-wire serial interface that can be used to accurately and conveniently transfer data and instructions between different I2C-enabled devices. The bus system can transfer data at speeds of up to 200kHz. It can also operate both in the standard mode, where only two pins are used, and the extended mode, where up to eight pins are used.

The AT90S1200A-12SI also provides a power management feature that enables it to optimize its power consumption by adjusting the clock speed and other aspects as necessary. Additionally, the AT90S1200A-12SI also provides an internal clock with a frequency range of 0 – 21MHz and a dedicated clock port.

In conclusion, the AT90S1200A-12SI is a reliable and versatile embedded microcontroller from Atmel that is exceptionally suited for a wide range of applications. Its various components and features make it an ideal choice for projects that require fast, reliable, and energy-efficient operation.

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