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Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors, also known as electrolytic capacitors or just electrolytics, are components used in electronics to store energy temporarily and release it quickly, providing large capacitance values in exchange for a relatively small physical footprint.

The model EKXJ251ELL680MU20S aluminum electrolytic capacitors are general purpose, long life, and high reliability capacitors. They provide a low equivalent series resistance (ESR) and long life span, making them well suited for a wide variety of applications. The capacitors offer 10,000 hours of life at 105°C and are available in various sizes to save board space.

Application Field

EKXJ251ELL680MU20S aluminum electrolytic capacitors can be used in a wide range of applications, from audio power amplifiers, switching power supplies, and snubbers in power circuits to overvoltage protection circuits. Typical applications include frequency-domain signal smoothing, filtering, DC-DC converter filtering, ripple current filter circuits, and energy storage. Other possible applications include coupling applications between amplifiers, as a buffer, and in power electronic device start-up circuits.

Working Principle

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors represent a type of component that can store electrical energy and quickly release it to the external circuit. They are made of rolled aluminum can with two internal electrodes, an anode and a cathode, insulated with a spiral paper sleeve and filled with an electrolyte. The anode is typically composed of an expanded aluminum foil with its free end connected to the lead. The cathode is made of the endmost foil deposited on the inner wall of the roll and connections to the lead. The metalized layer of corrosion-free aluminum oxide, acting as a dielectric, is formed on the anode foil through an Electrolytic Oxidation process, creating a barrier between the anode and the electrolytic solution.

The working principle of an aluminum electrolytic capacitor is based on the formation of an oxide film having high dielectric strength on the anode surface. Thanks to this film, electric charges, electrons, and ions are transferred between the anode and the electrolyte and the opposite electric charges are transferred between the electrolyte and the cathode. Thus, when output voltage is applied, the energy stored in the oxide layer is released and it generates current.

The capacitance can be calculated from the total area of the two plates and the distance between them. It also depends on the type and thickness of the oxide layer, as well as the reverse voltage, ESR, and temperature. The maximum capacitance value is typically achieved at zero voltage and drops as the applied voltage increases, due to the compromised oxide layer stability and increasing leakage current.

Conclusion

EKXJ251ELL680MU20S aluminum electrolytic capacitors offer a good combination of price, life, and performance in a relatively small size. They are suitable for a wide variety of applications and will provide reliable performance for a long time. The working principle of an aluminum electrolytic capacitor involves the formation of an oxide film on the anode that allows electric charges to transfer from anode to cathode while stored energy is released to the external circuit when voltage is applied. The capacitance value depends on several factors, such as the gap between plates, type of the oxide layer, ESR, temperature, and reverse voltage.

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