L78L12ACZ

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Linear voltage regulators, like the L78L12ACZ, are low dropout (LDO) regulators, meaning they have a low input-output voltage differential that enables the device to operate correctly with an input voltage only slightly higher than the regulated output voltage. The L78L12ACZ, in particular, has an output voltage of 12V, an input voltage span rounded off to 7V-40V, peak output current up to 1.5A, and a dropout voltage of 1.1V.

Application Field

The main application fields for the L78L12ACZ are in power supplies, audio devices, computer peripherals, and other industrial equipment. It is ideal for use in low-power applications with a high ripple rejection ratio. With its high output current capability, it is especially suitable for use in current-limited, voltage-regulated applications.

Working Principle

The L78L12ACZ is what is termed a linear voltage regulator. This means it performs a linear conversion from its input voltage to its output voltage. When the input voltage exceeds the output voltage, the voltage regulator will dissipate some of the excess energy as heat. For the L78L12ACZ, this is accomplished by a series of transistors, resistors, and diodes that act as a voltage divider, responsible for dropping the input voltage to the required level.

The device acts as a regulating device by sensing any fluctuations in the output current and automatically adjusts the ratio of the voltage divider components to maintain a constant output voltage. This adjustment mode is called “feedback control” and is essential for the L78L12ACZ to remain and stabilize the output voltage in the face of changing input voltage and load demands.

The device also has protection circuitry including thermal shut down, which prevents the device from damage in the case of a prolonged overload. The L78L12ACZ also has internal current limiting and a short circuit protection mode to prevent any damage due to short circuits.

Conclusion

The L78L12ACZ is a low dropout (LDO) regulator with a 12V output voltage, a 7V to 40V input voltage span, 1.5A peak output current, and a dropout voltage of 1.1V. It is used as a power supply, audio device, computer peripheral, and other industrial equipment due to its low power, high ripple rejection ratio, and high output current capability. It uses a series of transistors, resistors, and diodes that act as a voltage divider to regulate the input voltage to the required output voltage. The device is protected by thermal shut down and current limiting and short circuit protection modes. All of these features make the L78L12ACZ an ideal choice for a variety of applications that require regulated output voltage.

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