MAX5939FESA+

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MAX5939FESA+ Application Field and Working Principle

The MAX5939FESA+ is a system power management IC from Maxim Integrated, optimized for hot-swap application. It is classified as one of the core members of the PMIC (Power Management Integrated Circuit) family, specifically under the subset of hot swap controllers.

A hot swap controller allows the safe insertion and removal of components, circuits, and boards in an active power supply. It provides protection against potential shocks and inrush currents, as well as controlling the power-on sequence and fault sequencing that may occur when powering or removing components. Its main application areas include servers, storage devices, GPUs, AC-DC power supplies, and multimedia systems.

Key Features of a MAX5939FESA+

The MAX5939FESA+ has some features that make it an attractive choice for hot swap operations, including a high-precision current limit, adjustable hysteresis, and a fast current-limit response time. It also comes with fault-masking, short-circuit detection, output clamping and slew rate control, and automatic expiry of current limiting operation. Furthermore, it is available in both an 8-pin SOIC package and a 4-pin µMAX package, both capable of operating over an extended temperature range of -40 to +125 C.

This versatile IC provides superior power saving and system protection against over-voltage and over-current conditions, as well as providing sufficient flexibility to suit different hot-swap applications simultaneously. It additionally integrates low-dropout linear regulators and adjustable shunt regulators for further control of system power.

Basic Principles of Operation

The basic operating principle of a MAX5939FESA+ is simple. The IC contains a sense resistor that is placed at the system ground\'s output and measures the distinct current passing through it. When the current passing through the sense resistor reaches the preset current-limit threshold, the controller will switch on its output at an adjustable voltage – the current-limit set point – thereby preventing the excessive current flow.

It is also important to consider the power-on sequencing that occurs when using a MAX5939FESA+. Here, the IC’s configure pin can be used to delay the opening of the output relay until the incoming voltage has reached a preset level. This protects downstream components from any potential voltage spikes on the initial power-up or reset. Furthermore, the ‘soft-start’ mode of the controller can be used to reduce the inrush currents before powering up the load.

It is also able to detect short circuits and send out a serial alarm signal when such events occur. Finally, upon detecting an input overvoltage, the controller will enable its output FETs to limit the output voltage. This is followed by a power-down sequence to shut off the power supply and actively protecting downstream components. Overall, the MAX5939FESA+ is an efficient and cost-effective hot-swap controller for hot-swappable applications, providing superior system-level protection.

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