MCP4451-503E/ST

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Data Acquisition - Digital Potentiometers are electrical components with a variable resistance used to control the current flow in a circuit.
MCP4451-503E/ST is an integrated Digital Potentiometer (DPOT) developed by Microchip Technology Inc. It features an 8-bit wiper, three linear, or two-terminal touch-adaptive interfaces, an SPI/QSPI compatible bus interface, and a wide resistance range of 5kΩ to 50kΩ, x×7.5KΩ, 4×20KΩ and 2×50KΩ.

The MCP4451-503E/ST can be used in a variety of applications to set or adjust the resistance of a circuit over time, such as for adjustable voltage regulation, for setting gain in amplifier circuits, for controlling LED brightness, for fine-tuning oscillators, for optimizing networks and for adjusting offset and gain settings.

The device includes a unique feature wherein it enables touch-adaptive resistance setting. This means that the resistance can be adjusted by a single finger touch on either of the two terminals. The MCP4451-503E/ST also features a two wire non-volatile memory (NVM) that stores the current settings of multiple resistance settings, enabling easy set-up and long-term impedance settings control.

The MCP4451-503E/ST digital potentiometer has a wide operating temperature range of -40°C to 125°C. It is available in a space-saving 9-pin TSSOP package and delivers low power consumption of typically 5.5mA at VDD=5V and 0.75mA at VDD=3V.

Its working principle is based on the resistive network internally composed of an array of resistors and switches. The hardware configuration is achieved by the logic controlled switch matrix upon commands collected from the bus interface. The device is programmed through the SPI/QSPI bus interface, which allows access to all of the wiper, non-volatile memory and system control registers. The wiper position can be operated in three different modes—dc incremental (up/down), half-step, and full-scale.

In the incremental operation mode, the device adjusts the resistance to the closest value, provided by the 8-bit digital code through the serial communications interface. The wiper position can be incremented and decremented by steps of 1, 1/2 or the full-scale range of the device, ranging from 5KΩ - 50KΩ depending on the device configuration.

The two terminals of the MCP4451-503E/ST are capable of detecting a single finger touch. This feature is used to optimize the operation on autopilot by adjusting the resistance according to detected user inputs for applications such as LED brightness control, amplifier gain control, and voltage regulation.

The device also includes four 8-bit registers that are mapped in the Non-Volatile Memory (NVM). They can store up to 128 wiper settings that can be recalled when the device is powered on. This allows a system to quickly and easily initialize, or set desired preferences in the stored potentiometer resistance settings.

Overall, the MCP4451-503E/ST digital potentiometer affords designers of wireless and mobile applications integrated solutions for resistance-setting tasks in a small surface-mount package. It provides high accuracy and programmability, thus simplifying the design of electronic products like air conditioners, radios and other devices that use digital potentiometers.

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