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PMIC - Hot Swap Controllers

Hot Swap Controllers are an important component in power distribution network. Although they don’t protect against over-temperature or over-current, they play an important role in preventing sudden load changes or power failures.

Texas Instruments’ TPS25921A is a 3.2 V to 20 V fault compensation-based hot swap controller with a range of features. It provides protection against load spikes or sudden load changes, as well as over-temperature or over-current protection.

The TPS25921A is designed for high-current, low side hot-swap applications. It has an adjustable current limit control and a wide input voltage range from 3.2 V to 20 V.

The main features of the TPS25921A include:

• Adjustable current limit control
• Wide input voltage range from 3.2 V to 20 V
• Fault detection and compensation
• Programmable fault delay
• Input over-voltage and under-voltage protection
• Over-temperature protection
• Output current sense

Application Field

The TPS25921A is suitable for a variety of high-current applications, including data center equipment, battery management systems, automotive test and measurement systems, and consumer electronics.

In data centers, the TPS25921A can be used in hot-swap applications to protect against over-current faults and prevent excess power from being injected into the system. It also helps prevent excess power from damaging downstream power modules if the power rail fails.

In battery management systems, the TPS25921A can be used to protect against over-current conditions which may occur if a battery is short-circuited.

In automotive test and measurement systems, the TPS25921A can be used to protect the system from sudden load changes or power failures while the test equipment is being used.

In consumer electronics, the TPS25921A can be used in hot-swap applications to protect against sudden load changes and over-current conditions.

Working Principle

The TPS25921A is a fault-compensation-based hot swap controller. It detects the presence of faults such as over-voltage, under-voltage and over-temperature and compensates for them by limiting the output current.

The TPS25921A has a built-in current limiting circuit which can be configured for a wide range of current limit values. The current limit value can be adjusted via external resistors, allowing the system designer to optimize the current limit for the application.

The TPS25921A has a programmable fault delay, which can be used to delay the output enable pin after an over-voltage, under-voltage or over-temperature fault is detected. This allows the power rail to be ramped up slowly to prevent sudden load changes.

The TPS25921 also has an output current sense feature which can be used to detect any over-current or overload conditions and to respond accordingly.

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