TPS73028YZQR

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The TPS73028YZQR is a low quiescent current linear voltage regulator that offers a 2% ​accurate reference voltage. Regulated output voltage range of the TPS73028YZQR is 0.8V to 5.5V, with a 100mA output current capability. This voltage regulator has a shutdown current of less than 1 µA and its voltage reference is capable of source or sink current up to 10 µA, while also offering a over thermal shutdown protection.

The TPS73028YZQR belongs to the category of PMICs (Power Management Integrated Circuits), more specifically, Linear Voltage Regulators. It is designed for automotive, portable instrumentation and battery powered devices. Its simple architecture and features like very low quiescent current, low shutdown current and low dropout voltage, make the TPS73028YZQR highly suitable for long battery life and accurate voltage regulation in a broad range of application.

The TPS73028YZQR linear regulator works with a fixed output voltage, which is independent of the input voltage range. The device will regulate the output voltage by pulling the voltage terminal of the regulator (CIN+) to a reference voltage. This is the reference voltage that is manually set before the regulator is powered on, using an external resistor divider. Difference between input voltage (Vin) and output voltage (Vout) is referred as ‘dropout voltage’. The maximum dropout voltage for the TPS73028YZQR is 600mV, at a 100mA load current.

This regulator achieves a regulated output voltage by implementing two transistors; an NPN bipolar transistor (Q1) and a PNP bipolar transistor (Q2). Q1 is configured in common emitter configuration, while Q2 is configured in the common collector configuration. The output voltage is determined by the voltage at the base of Q1, which is pulled down to a fixed reference voltage by an external resistive divider connected to the reference pin (REF). A voltage divider is used instead of a simple single resistor, to minimize the power dissipation across the reference pin resistor.

In the presence of an input voltage and ON/OFF control signal, the TPS73028YZQR linear regulator will start operating in one of two modes, depending on the input voltage and output voltage. The device will start in either the feed-forward mode or the feedback mode.

When the output voltage is at least 1.5 Volts below the input voltage, the device will operate in feed-forward mode and the differential voltage between the output and reference pins will be equal to the input voltage minus the output voltage. In this mode, the voltage divider divider connected to the reference pin is ignored by the device for regulation.

When the output voltage is within 1.5 Volts above the input voltage, the TPS73028YZQR will operate in feedback mode. The differential voltage between the output and reference pin will now become equal to the output voltage minus the input voltage. In this mode, the device will pull down the voltage at the base of the NPN common emitter transistor, in order to regulate the output voltage.

When the voltage at the base of NPN (Q1) transistor is equal to the reference voltage, the TPS73028YZQR is said to be in regulation. In this condition, the device will be able to regulate the output voltage over a wide input voltage range, depending on the current being drawn by the load.

In order to ensure that the device is able to maintain the regulated voltage, the voltage divider connected to the reference pin will be used. When the output voltage is higher than the input voltage, the voltage divider will be used to pull down the reference voltage and the output voltage will be regulated to the desired level. The voltage divider will also be used when the output voltage is lower than the input voltage, in order to ensure that the device stays in regulation.

The TPS73028YZQR also includes a few protection features for over-current, over-voltage, under- voltage and over-temperature conditions. Over-current protection is provided by a thermal shutdown limit. When the junction temperature inside the device reaches a specified maximum, it will go into a shutdown state in order to protect the device and system. Other protection features like the over-voltage, under-voltage and over-temperature sensing circuits, will monitor the input and output voltages at different points and take corrective measures if any of the readings are above or below the specified threshold.

In conclusion, the TPS73028YZQR is a low quiescent current linear voltage regulator that offers linear voltage regulation over a wide range of input and output voltages, while also providing protections against over-current, over-voltage and over-temperature conditions. Its simple architecture, low quiescent current, low shutdown current and low dropout voltage make this regulator ideal for automotive and portable instruments applications, where long battery life and accurate voltage regulation is a priority.

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