What are the advantages of fiber grating sensors?
Since the first optical fiber was produced and applied to actual projects in 1970, optical fiber sensors for detecting vibration, pressure, acceleration, and temperature waiting to be measured have been developed. After fiber grating was first introduced for sensing in 1989, it attracted wide attention from all aspects. Governments of various countries have invested a lot of manpower, material resources, and funds to conduct in-depth and careful research on this. Fiber grating is a sensing component. It has the unmatched advantages of general electric sensors:
(1) Compared with ordinary sensors, fiber grating sensors have unparalleled advantages in the detection environment of strong interference and strong corrosion, and are more suitable for working in harsh environments; at the same time, the processing of weak signals can achieve real-time processing and long-distance accuracy Transmission; fiber grating sensing frequency bandwidth, large dynamic range, high measurement accuracy and sensitivity, easy to be embedded or attached to the surface of the structure, and can provide real-time information on the safety of the structure.
(2) Since the wavelength of light is an inherent property of light, the detected information is encoded by wavelength. The information to be tested is not affected by the power of the light source, the bending of the fiber, and the aging of other components. It has high accuracy and stability.
(3) The fiber grating has a simple structure and small size, so it has a wide range of applications. Especially for some large-scale structures or intelligent systems, the internal temperature, pressure and other parameters can be accurately measured with high resolution.
(4) The optical fiber network has strong reusability. Multiple independent optical fiber gratings can be installed on the same optical fiber. The sensor network composed of multiple gratings can realize real-time distributed measurement to be measured.
Fiber grating sensor has become an indispensable part of optical fiber communication system through continuous development with its unique advantages. In recent years, people's research focus has begun to shift from mature optical fiber communication technology to optical fiber sensing technology. Due to its unique advantages and broad development prospects in the market, optical fiber sensors have developed rapidly and exhibited extremely broad prospects
Since the 1980s, sensing technology has been included in the national high-tech key technology. Among them, fiber grating occupies a very important position. Because my country's research and development time in the field of optical fiber is not long enough, and the investment in the early stage is insufficient, the fiber grating sensing technology of my country is relatively behind the developed countries. However, in recent years, with the support of the National 863 Program, the National Natural Science Foundation and various other special funds, the country has achieved rapid development in the field of fiber grating sensing. Research institutions represented by the Institute of Semiconductors of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Optoelectronics Research have formed a complete fiber grating sensing theory, and have very in-depth research on the law of light wave transmission and the photosensitive characteristics of the grating. In terms of sensing, domestic universities, such as Tsinghua University, Nankai University, and Wuhan University of Technology, have also achieved many phased results in response to different market needs. These results show that China’s optical fiber sensing technology is developing rapidly, but there is still a big gap between the core technology of fiber gratings and the world’s advanced technologies. Many optical fiber sensing technologies have not been applied to actual engineering practice. Most are still confined to the laboratory. Therefore, the current research on fiber grating technology is to apply the research results to practical applications, highlighting the practicality of fiber technology. At the same time, demodulation technology, as the key technology of fiber grating sensing system, requires more in-depth and detailed research. Today, with the development and application of electronic technology, a variety of microprocessors such as single-chip microcomputers, ARM, DSP, and FPGA are constantly emerging, playing a key role in the development of small and medium-sized control systems. The introduction of embedded technology accelerates and supports the development of fiber grating sensors to a large extent, and also opens up a new direction for the demodulation technology of fiber sensor sensing. The research and development of fiber demodulation technology suitable for different environments has greatly promoted the practical development of fiber grating sensing technology, which is of great significance.
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