1N4974

Series:	--
Packaging:	Bulk
Part Status:	Active
Voltage - Zener (Nom) (Vz):	47V
Tolerance:	±5%
Power - Max:	5W
Impedance (Max) (Zzt):	25 Ohms
Current - Reverse Leakage @ Vr:	2µA @ 35.8V
Voltage - Forward (Vf) (Max) @ If:	1.5V @ 1A
Operating Temperature:	-65°C ~ 175°C
Mounting Type:	Through Hole
Package / Case:	E, Axial
Base Part Number:	1N4974

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Diodes - Zener - Single

The 1N4974 is a single zener diode. These individual diodes are used in voltage regulation and similar applications where a low-steady voltage needs to be maintained. It is essentially a regular diode, with an extra in-built feature allowing it to regulate voltage by allowing a very small (by comparison) amount of current to flow in the reverse direction.A Zener diode is constructed from a silicon crystal structure, composed of layers of P-type and N-type materials. An N-type silicon layer with a region of Negative Majority Carriers (electrons) forms the diode\'s Anode retreading, while a P-type region of Positive Majority Carriers (holes) forms the Cathode retreading. The P-N junction between these two layers forms the heart of the diode\'s operation. In a forward bias operation, when a voltage is applied across the diode in the proper direction, it allows current to flow in the forward direction. When the voltage reaches a certain point (the Zener voltage rating of the diode) the diode creates a potential stable enough in the reverse direction to allow current to travel in the reverse direction. Therefore this diode can regulate current at or below its Zener rating, in the same way that a common diode regulates voltage at or above its rated Voltage Drop.1N4974 zener diodes are used in a wide variety of applications, such as voltage regulation, overvoltage protection and audio/video processing circuits. They are also used in relatively high-frequency (Radio Frequency, or RF) applications, such as antenna systems, where the Zener diode is employed to reduce harmonics generated by the circuit.In terms of physical construction, 1N4974 diodes are composed of an in-built isolation layer between the two elements to prevent current from travelling in the reverse direction before the Zener voltage rating is reached. This layer is composed of a special type of material, usually made of Germanium, which is isolated from the conductive materials of the rest of the diode by a glass-like effect, known as a High-Resistance Semiconductor (HRS).In terms of a general operation, the 1N4974 diode will become conductive when a steady voltage is reached at or below its Zener rating, allowing current to flow in the reverse direction. In other words, it will \'zener out\', creating a regulated voltage at its output. The amount of current that it can pass in the reverse direction is relatively small, generally on the order of 5 to 8 milliamperes.The 1N4974 diode is an ideal choice for a variety of voltage regulation applications, as it is capable of regulating voltages with very low stress, compared to other diode types. In addition, it can reliably handle high-frequency signals, which makes it a suitable choice for RF and audio/video processing circuits. Finally, its small package size and low pass-through current make it a good choice for applications where space is at a premium.

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