2015-42-A-RPLF

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Gas Discharge Tube Arresters (GDT) are an important form of protection for electrical and electronic systems, and have great potential to improve the safety of equipment in use. A GDT is typically a smaller device than an overvoltage arrester. It is designed to protect equipment from high voltage surges that can occur during normal operation or as a result of lightning surge. GDTs have the ability to absorb a large amount of energy before breaking down and dispersing the energy safely over the surge.

The GDT is composed of two electrodes and a conducting medium within the tube. When there is an overvoltage surge, such as from lightning, the voltage is applied between the two electrodes which causes an electrical arc inside the tube. This arc will create a discharge of electrons within the tube, which acts to absorb the energy of the surge. The discharge ionizes the conductor, which further absorbs the surge energy.

A GDT is also known as an overvoltage arrester and is often used in a variety of applications including domestic and industrial electrical systems. It is especially useful for protecting high voltage surge lines, telecommunications equipment, medical and broadcast systems, and other electronic equipment. It can also be used for protecting electronic components from static electricity. GDTs are often used in combination with other surge protection devices such as Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs) and Resettable Thermistor Fuses (RTFs).

The application and working principle of a GDT depend on its voltage rating, size, type, and other factors. With a GDT, the maximum breakdown or surge voltage is determined based on the size of the tube and the distance between the two electrodes. A higher breakdown voltage indicates a larger tube and longer distance between the electrodes, while a lower breakdown voltage indicates a smaller tube and shorter distance between the two electrodes. The surge voltage level is typically a few volts higher than the breakdown voltage, and is dependant on the type of GDT.

The typical working principle of a GDT is that when normal line voltage is applied, the gap between the electrodes is not sufficient to cause a discharge of electrons. However, if an overvoltage occurs due to an electrical surge, the gap between the electrodes becomes larger and the voltage between the two becomes sufficient to create an arc, which creates the electron discharge within the tube.

The current flow through the GDT is designed to be limited by the resistance of the gap and the ionized pathway which dissipates sharply over a range of a few thousands of volts. The surge protection duration and current are limited only by the thermal time delays of the GDT, which most often range from 10 to 200 microseconds. Once the surge is gone, the GDT will self-reset and is ready to protect again.

GDTs are safe, reliable, and require minimal maintenance. Due to their low cost, they are becoming increasingly popular for surge protection. The major disadvantage of GDTs is that they are subject to false triggering from high frequency transients, such as radio waves, which can cause arcing between the electrodes. To address this problem, GDTs are often accompanied by transient voltage surge suppression (TVSS) or an AC line filter.

Gas Discharge Tube Arresters are an effective form of overvoltage protection for electrical and electronic equipment. They can provide the necessary protection in the event of a high voltage surge or static electricity. They are not without their limitations, however, and it is important to consider other forms of protection such as TVSS or AC line filters when using GDTs as part of an overall surge protection system.

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