225USR470M25X35

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Introduction to Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

Aluminium electrolytic capacitors are polarized capacitors whose anode electrode is made of a pure aluminum foil with an etched surface. This anode is immersed in an electrolytic solution containing a high-purity Etchant. The aluminum undergoes an anodization process that causes a thin layer of aluminum oxide to form on the surface of the plate, thus increasing its surface area. The electrolyte forms a thin insulating layer between the anode and the cathode, which is typically a layer of foil or metal. The combination of the anode, electrolyte and cathode form a capacitor, which stores electrical energy and allows it to be released when needed.

A 225USR470M25X35 aluminum electrolytic capacitor is a small, low profile, cylindrical electrolytic capacitor with a large capacitance value. It features a non-polarized cathode and is a surface mount device. The reason such a small capacitor can hold such a large capacitance is because of its twofold construction. The anode and dielectric substrate are the electrons conducting layers, providing a large surface area for electrostatic storage, while the cathode and its associated electrolyte provide a conducting medium for charge sharing.

Application Field and Working Principle

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are widely used in industrial and power electronics applications, including AC and DC motor controls, consumer electronics such as printers and LCD televisions, medical, military and aerospace applications, and in automotive electronics. Their relatively large values of capacitance (up to 250 000 µF) make them particularly useful for decoupling and filtering applications.

The working principle of an aluminum electrolytic capacitor is very similar to that of other types of capacitors. It stores electrical energy by trapping charge between the two electrodes (anode and cathode). It does this by creating an electrostatic field between them, which is proportional to the applied voltage. The two electrodes are separated by an insulating layer of oxide, which is either formed naturally or applied at the manufacturing stage. When a voltage is applied, the electrons on the anode side of the capacitor move towards the cathode, while the electrons on the cathode side move away from the anode. This creates an electrostatic field between the two electrodes, and electrical energy is stored.

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are also highly susceptible to temperature variations, which can cause changes in the capacitance. To protect against this, the capacitors are usually rated at a specific temperature and are designed with additional heat-dissipating features. They also feature a lower dielectric absorption and higher insulation resistance than other capacitors, making them more reliable in high-reliability applications. The low leakage current also makes them better suited for high frequency applications.

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors have a relatively high voltage tolerance, and can be operated at voltages up to 1000V. They are more suited to high frequency applications due to their low ESL (Equivalent Series Inductance) and are highly reliable in high temperature and humidity conditions. They are relatively lightweight and have a long shelf life when stored in the correct conditions.

Conclusion

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are highly versatile, with their large capacitance values, high temperature tolerance and excellent insulation resistance. They are suitable for a wide range of applications, including automotive electronics, industrial electronics, medical and aerospace applications. Additionally, they feature a low Equivalent Series Inductance, low leakage and long shelf-life. The 225USR470M25X35 is a small, low profile, cylindrical aluminum electrolytic capacitor, which is ideal for fabricating high performance circuit boards and has a large value of capacitance.

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