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Diodes - Zener - Single

The BZT52B33-E3-18 is a single Zener diode, a type of semiconductor device that is used for forming voltage references within electronic circuits. It enables a predictable, consistent voltage level to be formed which cannot be exceeded when it is connected in the correct direction.

Specifics

The BZT52B33-E3-18 zener diode is a 33V device that is rated to handle a maximum power dissipation of 500 milliwatts with an expected maximum reverse leakage current of approximately 11 microamps. It is made from silicon, has a maximum operating temperature of 150°C and is sized with a conventional DO-35 two-lead axial leaded glass body package.

Construction

Zener diodes are constructed with a PN junction, which is a relatively thin region of the semiconductor material where it is doped with two different materials for either the majority carriers and minority carriers. This enables some control over the voltage present at the terminals of the diode by changing the doping profile. Typically, the doping of the PN junction creates an electric field between the two sides. This electric field creates an energy barrier, stopping current flows in one direction and only allowing it to flow when the voltage across the junction is high enough in the opposite direction.

When the BZT52B33-E3-18 zener diode is connected in the reverse direction, no current is allowed to flow, even if a higher voltage is applied. This is due to the special design of Zener diodes and their ability to maintain a stable level of voltage due to their electric field.

Working Principle

The PN junction in a Zener diode, in this case the BZT52B33-E3-18, works as a voltage reference. It allows small current flows in the reverse direction, up to the zener voltage, while also disallowing large current flows in the reverse direction. This creates a mechanism where the zener voltage is maintained even if the current changes, providing a dedicated and predictable signal in the circuit.

When the voltage passes the zener voltage, the diode begins to allow a small current flow in the reverse direction, maintaining the voltage before the application of the electrical signal. This means the voltage cannot exceed the zener voltage in the circuit and provides a stable reference voltage through a single device.

Application Field

Zener diodes are used as voltage references or as switches in electrical circuits, depending on the voltage and power requirement. In this particular case, the BZT52B33-E3-18 is a 33V device, which is useful in applications requiring a medium voltage reference on circuits powering up to 500 milliwatts.

Typical applications that use a Zener diode to form a voltage reference include LED driver circuits, various power supply circuits and audio amplifier circuits. It is also popular in telecom and computer circuits due to their stable voltage level and ability to handle a moderate power dissipation.

In summary, the BZT52B33-E3-18 is a single zener diode designed as a voltage reference. It is constructed with a PN junction and can handle up to 500 milliwatts of power dissipation. It is useful in applications requiring a medium voltage reference and is typically used in LED driver circuits, power supply circuits and audio amplifier circuits.

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