L7812ABV

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The L7812ABV is a linear voltage regulator, commonly used to regulate a nominal voltage of 12V from a higher voltage source. It is a three-terminal positive fixed voltage regulator. It is a monolithic integrated circuit device and provides all the active functions for a step-down, or voltage reduction with ideal characteristics although few components are needed to make the regulator. The L7812ABV is capable of delivering fixed positive regulated output current up to 1.5A.

The internal configuration of the L7812ABV regulator consists of an N-channel MOSFET pass transistor, an operational amplifier, various resistors and a zener-diode reference. The operational amplifier acts as a comparator to adjust the internal bias and control the pass transistor, as well as provide overload protection and positive temperature coefficient. The zener diode reference provides a stable reference voltage for the operational amplifier.

The L7812ABV has a wide operating temperature range and low output voltage noise. It is also capable of dissipating up to 8 watts and has current limiting and thermal shut down protection to prevent damage from overloads. The internal design of the L7812ABV offers excellent protection from excessive loads and over-temperature conditions.

Generally speaking, the L7812ABV is used in many applications including power supplies for consumer electronics, medical instruments, automotive, and industrial equipment. It can also be used in power supply design, audio amplifiers and power conditioning, DC to DC converter, battery backup circuits, and other industrial applications.

The working principle of the L7812ABV is fairly simple; when a higher voltage source is applied to the input terminal, the internal components of the regulator form a loop that works to maintain a relatively stable output voltage. The voltage regulator amplifies the voltage drop across the pass transistor using the operational amplifier and comparator, and then adjusts the bias to maintain a stable output voltage. This loop effectively “regulates” the output voltage even if the voltage of the input power source changes.

The output voltage of the L7812ABV is determined by the setting of the adjustment pin. A higher output voltage is obtained by connecting a resistor between the adjustment and current limit pin, which increases the current drawn from the adjustment pin and increases the output voltage. The current limit pin adjusts the current limit of the regulator, and must be connected to the ground for proper operation. An external resistor can be used to increase the current limit of the regulator.

The L7812ABV is a very useful linear voltage regulator due to its simple design, low cost, and the amount of current it can provide while still maintaining a stable output voltage. It is sometimes referred to as a three-terminal voltage regulator, as it only needs three terminals for operation. It is also suitable for many different types of applications due to its wide operating temperature range, low output voltage noise, and protection from overloads.

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