L7812CP

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L7812CP is a Negative Voltage regulator integrated circuit that is used to drive negative voltage in a variety of different applications. It has a wide input voltage range from 8V to 20V and an output voltage of 12V. It is often employed to provide a negative regulated voltage supply for various applications. It provides a constant output voltage irrespective of changes in environment or operating conditions.

The integrated circuit consists of three pins. The input voltage is applied to the Input pin (Pin 1) of the IC and the output voltage is obtained from the Output pin (Pin 2). The pin 3 of the IC is connected to the ground. The output voltage is fixed at 12V and is maintained irrespective of input voltage or load current. This output voltage regulation is done by using internal Reference and Error Amplifier. The internal reference regulator provides a voltage reference to the Error Amplifier which compares the output voltage of the regulator to the reference voltage and makes necessary adjustments at the Output pin.

In order to obtain the output voltage, a heat sink is required for dissipating heat energy which is generated due to regulator\'s internal power dissipation. Apart from this, an input bypass capacitor and an output filter capacitor are also recommended for providing proper regulation. For multiple applications, separate linear negative regulator ICs can be employed or alternatively, positive and negative rails can be combined using DC-DC converters.L7812CP IC can be used in a number of applications such as:

• In power supply designs where a negative voltage rail is required alongside the positive supply
• Negative voltage rails are used to realize the biasing of transistors and other amplifying devices
• Negative voltage rails are also required to generate complementary signals in switched-mode amplifiers
• It can also be used as a negative voltage supply for portable embedded systems

The working principle of the L7812CP Negative Voltage Regulator is based on an internal comparison of the Output Voltage and the Internal Reference Voltage. When the Output Voltage falls below the Internal Reference Voltage, the Error Amplifier increases the Base Voltage of the Internal Transistor and hence increases the Output Voltage of the regulator. When the Output Voltage rises above the Internal Reference Voltage, the Error Amplifier reduces the Base Voltage of the Internal Transistor, which reduces the Output Voltage of the regulator.

Thus the L7812CP Negative Voltage Regulator ensures a stable Negative Output Voltage over a wide range of conditions. It provides an easy solution to obtain a negative voltage rail in different applications. The IC also features an Over Voltage Protection, in case the output voltage rises above its rated output voltage, the IC automatically shuts off the output supply.

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