LXZ16VB103M18X40LL

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Aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs) are widely used in almost all electronic circuits and devices. Commonly referred to as ‘electrolytics’, AECs are typically a high value fixed capacitor with comparatively low values of both leakage current and equivalent series resistance (ESR). This combination of properties makes them ideal for applications such as energy storage, smoothing, decoupling, filtering, and as voltage regulators. The type of capacitor identified by LXZ16VB103M18X40LL is an axial lead, molded aluminum electrolytic capacitor.

Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors, such as LXZ16VB103M18X40LL are passive, polarized components, made up of a high-grade metal oxide anode, rolled to form a cylindrical shape, and a solid electrolyte of anhydrous electrolyte solution, sealed within a sleeve or can made of aluminum or plastic. A small quantity of electrolyte is present in the form of a paste, gel, or liquefied electrolyte. During dielectric formation, the anode takes on a + charge, while the synthetic cathode takes on a - charge. As a result, the device acts to partially remove the charge imbalance.

The capacitance of an AEC is determined by the combination of three factors: the surface area of the anode, the thickness of the rolled layer, and the dielectric constant of the electrolyte solution. The values for LXZ16VB103M18X40LL identify a device with a maximum capacitance of 16V, a maximum voltage of 103M18, and a maximum leakage current of 40LL, all due to its unique design and construction. In practice, the voltage range and leakage current for any particular device will also depend on the anode layer material, the anode foil thickness, and the electrolyte type being used.

AEC capacitors are commonplace in power electronics circuits due to their relatively low ESR values, cost, and low leakage current. Their form factor and design also allow them to fit readily into space-constrained systems making them ideal for applications containing medium and high power levels, where larger capacitor sizes are required to store the large amounts of energy.

The working principal of aluminum electrolytic capacitors is based on basic capacitor theory. Capacitors are basically two uninsulated electrical conductors divided into two by an insulating medium, the dielectric. When a voltage is applied across the two conductors a flow of current begins and the resulting electric charges accumulate, forming an electric field. A dielectric medium allows a capacitor to go beyond simple conduction, storing electric charge, leading to a higher capacitance. This process of electric charge buildup is called electrostatic induction.

LXZ16VB103M18XLL aluminum electrolytic capacitor is an example of a polarized capacitor, meaning it stores charge asymmetrically. Since the anode is the positive plate, the aluminum layer of the anode must be thicker since the electric field produced by the higher voltage plate must be stronger. This thicker layer is why the anode is called the “positive” plate. The anode material must have higher insulation resistance, and the cathode material must have a good electrical conductivity.

The dielectric chosen for the LXZ16VB103M18XLL aluminum electrolytic capacitor is aluminum oxide, a type of oxide commonly found in nature. During the manufacturing process of the capacitor, the anode is anodized and the electrolyte solution is heated so that the aluminum oxide forms on the anode. The electrolyte solution is then absorbed and it becomes part of the capacitor’s dielectric. The combination of the anode and the dielectric create the capacitor’s capacitance. The voltage applied across the capacitor determines its total capacitance, and, when the voltage drops, the capacitance drops as well.

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors, such as LXZ16VB103M18X40LL are extremely versatile and can be used in a variety of applications. Most primarily, they are used in decoupling and filtering circuits, where they are utilized to maintain a stable voltage supply and clean up any electrical noise, while also acting as a buffer between voltage sources. AECs are also used in a number of energy storage and conversion circuits to effect changes in voltage and current levels. Additionally, they are used as timers, rectifiers, and in numerous motor management systems.

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