UC2906N

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UC2906N Application Field and Working Principle

PMIC or Power Management Integrated Circuits address the power requirements of a given application from beginning to end. Within PMIC, Battery Chargers are a specific subcategory of circuits that are designed for charging batteries of various types. The UC2906N is one such component designed for intelligent battery charging application that is designed for battery packs of NiCd, NiMH, Li-ion and Li-poly cells.
UC2906N provides the user the flexibility to select the battery charging voltage and current, condition & detect the battery pack, control the battery charging process, and indicate the charging status & progress.

Features of UC2906N

• Operating temperature range: -40°C to 85°C
• Controls charging current up to 2A
• Programmable, low current operation
• Five different charging modes
• Current regulated, non-over-charge
• Open-circuit and short circuit detection
• Output short circulation protection

Application Fields of UC2906N

The UC2906N is most suitable for use in scenarios where a compact, low-cost and accurate charging solution is required. The wide range of selectable charging parameters, maximum 2A charging current and temperature compensated charging voltages make the UC2906N an ideal choice for applications such as power tools, mobile phones, camcorders, portable audio players, lawn mowers, etc. The device is also ideal for automated battery charger controllers.

Working Principle of UC2906N

The UC2906N charger controller IC is designed for regulating battery charging in various types of single-cell batteries. The device employs the constant-voltage/constant-current charging method wherein the active battery current is regulated to provide a safely and accurately controlled charging environment. This is achieved by sensing the voltage across a sense resistor between the output of the charger and the battery and providing Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) current control.

The UC2906N implements two separate loop controllers to generate the PWM signal. The first one is the fast loop that is used to control the output current and it runs at a set frequency of 7.68kHz. This loop monitors the voltage on the output voltage bias pin, refers it to the output voltage set-point and calculate the required PWM duty-cycle accordingly. The fast loop also reduces the duty-cycle if the battery voltage overshoots.

The second loop is the slow loop which is used to control the battery charging current. This loop runs at a frequency of 138.7Hz, is temperature compensated and runs as an error amplifier. The error amplifier looks at the voltage on the battery bias pin and compares it to the current reference voltage provided by the current sense resistor. If a difference is detected, the PWM duty-cycle of the fast loop is adjusted to correct the error.

The UC2906N is designed so that the fast loop is always dominant and the slow loop corrects any transient errors that may occur. This allows for greater accuracy and more stable charging conditions.

The selected charging parameters are communicated to the device via a simple I2C interface, making configuration and control of the device straightforward. The charge status and progress can be monitored via the I2C interface, allowing the user to identify the charging progress and shut down the charger when complete.

Conclusion

The UC2906N is an ideal choice for applications requiring a low-cost, accurate and robust battery charging solution. The device is optimized for both single-cell and array cell battery charging, making it one of the most versatile and reliable power management solutions on the market. The five charging mode options offer the user the flexibility to meet their application-specific battery charging requirements and the easy I2C interface simplifies the configuration and control of the charger. The UC2906N is designed for a wide range of applications and offers great accuracy and safety for both charging and battery monitoring.

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