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Gas Discharge Tube Arresters (GDT) are overvoltage protection devices that are characterized by their ability to limit, absorb, and protect against surge impulse current. Commonly used in telecommunications, GDTs protect both electronic equipment from damage caused by transient overvoltage or electrostatic discharge. GDTs are usually composed of two main components, a voltage regulated component and a spark gap component.

The two components inside a GDT work together to protect the equipment from damage. The spark gap component is intended to protect the equipment from transient overvoltage which can occur due to power line surges or electrostatic discharges. The voltage regulated component works in concert with the spark gap in order to control and absorb inbound surge impulses. It is able to do this by regulating the flow of transient current through it.

The application of GDT Arresters have wide applications today. They are essential for telecommunications, power distribution, and commercial electronics. In addition, they can be used to protect sensitive instruments from various transient events. Most notably, GDTs are used in wireless base towers to protect against power surge caused by lightning strikes. The telecom industry is also using GDTs in home and office telephone systems that are connected to the main switches.

GDTs are also being used in automotive applications such as automotive electronic systems. Increasingly, GDTs are being developed for use in automotive systems, as modern automotive electronics become increasingly complex. These systems are exposed to harsh environmental conditions such as moisture, vibration, temperature, salt, and other contaminants, making it essential that reliable and highly robust surge protection systems be employed.

Another application of GDTs is in medical electronics, where sensitive electronic components and equipment need to be protected from dangerous electric surges and overloads. GDTs are able to protect these appliances, as well as prolong their lifespan. GDTs can also be used to protect industrial equipment from transient overvoltage.

GDTs generally operate in one of two modes: blocking or non-blocking. In blocking mode, the GDT absorbs and dissipates surge voltage energy to ground, thus limiting the surge current flow into the protected equipment. In non-blocking mode, the GDT functions as a zener diode in which the voltage is regulated and the surge current is conducted to the earth ground, thereby protecting the equipment.

GDTs are one of the primary surge protection devices used today, providing reliable protection from overvoltage and transient events. They are highly reliable and have a wide range of applications in the telecommunications, automotive, medical, and industrial industries. GDTs come in a variety of sizes and designs, making them suitable for nearly any application where surge protection is needed.

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